权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

The genetics of gamete sex control in convergent Caenorhabditis hermaphrodites

趋同线虫雌雄同体配子性别控制的遗传学

基本信息

批准号：
8130612
负责人：
Joseph Andrew Ross
金额：
$ 5.3万
依托单位：
UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-08-01 至 2012-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8130612
关键词：
Affect Architecture Bisexuality Caenorhabditis Caenorhabditis elegans Candidate Disease Gene Cell Fate Control Cloning Comparative Study Coupled Development Developmental Biology Developmental Process Drug Formulations Employee Strikes Evolution Female Fertility Fogs Genes Genetic Germ Cells Germ Lines Goals Hermaphroditism Homologous Gene Human Human Development Individual Infertility Lead Logic Malignant Neoplasms Mediating Modeling Modification Mutagenesis Mutation Nematoda Organism Orthologous Gene Pathway interactions Pattern Phenotype Process Production RNA Interference Relative (related person)Research Resources Role Sex Functioning Sexual Development Sterility Surveys System Taxon Testing Transgenes Tumor Suppressor Proteins base developmental genetics egg genetic analysis improved loss of function male meetings mutant novel sex sex determination sperm cell theories trait

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Achieving the long-term goal of formulating a comprehensive understanding of how naturally-occurring genetic changes produce diversity will require the comparative study in many taxa of tractable developmental traits that were acquired as a result of inter-species divergence in developmental genetic pathways. Because many genetic pathways regulating developmental traits are broadly conserved, traits prone to change are ideal traits to study. Surprisingly, sex determination pathways can evolve rapidly, despite the fundamental role of these pathways in instructing an organism to develop as a male or female, a choice having numerous developmental consequences. Changes in sex determination pathways between even closely related species can produce striking developmental differences. A conserved sex determination pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans and C. briggsae regulates sexual development, but different genetic alterations of the pathway independently produced the same sexual developmental trait, hermaphroditism, in both species. These genetic modifications cause females to produce male gametes (sperm) prior to producing female gametes (eggs), resulting in individual self-fertility. The observation that self-fertility independently evolved twice in Caenorhabditis, coupled with the vast resources available for experimental developmental and genetic approaches in Caenorhabditis, makes hermaphroditism an ideal model trait with which to conduct a thorough genetic analysis of the evolutionary genetic architecture underlying developmental change. In order to achieve this objective, one experimental approach of the proposed research is to determine whether a gene known to be necessary for hermaphroditism, fog-2, is sufficient to produce self-fertility when moved as a transgene into true females. In addition, whether a second gene, gld-1, known to be sperm- promoting in C. elegans but egg-promoting in C. briggsae, was involved in gamete sex determination prior to the evolution of hermaphroditism will be identified by eliminating gld-1 function in multiple species of the genus Caenorhabditis using RNA interference and visually assessing resulting germline phenotypes. Together, these approaches will reveal whether one or multiple evolutionary changes were required in C. elegans and C. briggsae to produce hermaphroditism. In anticipation that additional genes necessary for hermaphroditism exist in C. briggsae, novel genes controlling gamete sexual fate in C. briggsae will be identified using a mutagenesis screen for self-sterile worms. Describing the suites of genetic changes responsible for the independent acquisition of hermaphroditism in C. elegans and C. briggsae will contribute to the long-term goal of understanding how genetic pathways evolve to produce developmental change. Additionally, identifying novel genetic factors regulating germ cell sexual fate might improve our understanding of causes of human hermaphroditism and infertility.

描述（由申请人提供）：要实现全面了解自然发生的遗传变化如何产生多样性的长期目标，需要对许多易于处理的发育性状分类群进行比较研究，这些性状是由于发育遗传途径中的种间分歧而获得的。由于许多调控发育性状的遗传途径是广泛保守的，易于改变的性状是理想的研究性状。令人惊讶的是，性别决定途径可以迅速进化，尽管这些途径在指导生物体发育为雄性或雌性方面发挥着根本作用，这种选择会产生许多发育后果。即使是密切相关的物种之间性别决定途径的变化也会产生显着的发育差异。秀丽隐杆线虫和隐杆线虫中一个保守的性别决定途径。briggsae调节性发育，但是在两个物种中，该途径的不同遗传改变独立地产生了相同的性发育特征，即雌雄同体。这些遗传修饰导致女性在产生女性配子（卵子）之前产生男性配子（精子），导致个体自我生育。观察到，自育性独立发展两次在小杆线虫，再加上大量的资源可用于实验的发展和遗传方法在小杆线虫，使雌雄同体一个理想的模型性状进行彻底的遗传分析的进化遗传结构的发展变化的基础。为了实现这一目标，这项研究的一个实验方法是确定一个已知的两性畸形所必需的基因fog-2是否足以在作为转基因转移到真正的雌性体内时产生自育性。此外，是否第二个基因gld-1，已知在C. elegans，而C. briggsae，在雌雄同体进化之前参与配子性别决定，将通过使用RNA干扰消除小杆线虫属的多个物种中的gld-1功能并视觉评估所得的种系表型来鉴定。总之，这些方法将揭示C是否需要一个或多个进化变化。elegans和C.产生雌雄同体。预期在C. briggsae，C.将使用自身不育蠕虫的诱变筛选来鉴定Briggsae。描述了一套遗传变化，负责独立获得两性畸形的C。elegans和C. briggsae将有助于了解遗传途径如何演变以产生发育变化的长期目标。此外，确定调节生殖细胞性命运的新遗传因子可能会提高我们对人类两性畸形和不育原因的理解。