Neural correlates of social exclusion among youth exposed to family conflict

描述（由申请人提供）：暴露于家庭冲突与后来的社会功能缺陷有关，社会困难与各种心理障碍有关。这项拟议中的研究旨在通过确定青少年适应不良的社会处理的神经标记，为社会脆弱性的原因和后果的研究提供信息。我们测试了一个理论模型，将家庭冲突与青少年后期（17-19岁）的社会行为和心理症状联系起来，这些青少年的家庭冲突暴露情况已被跟踪，作为一项为期八年的五波纵向研究的一部分。我们特别关注社会排斥反应的神经相关性，我们将其标记为社会排斥反应（SER）。我们将向参与者介绍两种旨在评估神经SER（NSER）的功能性神经成像（fMRI）任务：Cyberball范式（威廉姆斯和贾维斯，2006年），一种激发社会排斥感的电脑游戏，以及社会疼痛任务（Immordino-Yang，McColI，Damasio和Damasio，在印刷中），其中青年人被展示了其他人被社会排斥或拒绝的小插曲。这两种神经成像任务都与与大脑中与痛苦和疼痛处理相关的区域的激活增加有关。我们预计，过去暴露于家庭冲突的年轻人在这些“痛苦”区域表现出更大的激活，以及通过招募前额叶皮层区域来管理这种痛苦的能力减弱，这些区域在以前的研究中已被证明有助于下调社会痛苦。我们还希望SER的这些神经相关性与青少年的心理症状和他们在14天的日常日记研究中测量的日常社会行为有关。通过整合这两个神经影像学协议与纵向数据的家庭冲突从多个记者和青少年的现实生活中的社会互动的生态有效的数据，拟议的项目应该提供一个前所未有的深度的角度来看社会功能在一个关键的发展阶段。 公共卫生相关性：家庭环境和缺乏社会融合都与整个生命周期的心理和身体健康风险增加有关。在无意识认知和情感处理层面确定青年人社会脆弱性标志的研究，可以为了解与社会功能有关的心理障碍和制定针对风险青年的干预措施提供信息。重要的、持久的关系往往是在从青春期到成年期的过渡期间形成的，而心理症状可能开始出现，从而使人们在这一人生阶段关注社会困难。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Exposure to family conflict has been linked with later deficits in social functioning, and social difficulties are implicated in a variety of psychological disorders. The proposed study seeks to inform research into the causes and consequences of social vulnerability by identifying neural markers of maladaptive social processing among adolescents. We test a theoretical model linking family conflict to social behavior and psychological symptoms in a diverse sample of youth in late adolescence (ages 17-19) whose exposure to family conflict has been tracked as part of an eight-year, five-wave longitudinal study. We focus in particular to the neural correlates of reactivity to social exclusion, a construct we label social exclusion reactivity (SER). We will introduce participants to two functional neuroimaging (fMRI) tasks designed to assess neural SER (NSER): the Cyberball paradigm (Williams & Jarvis, 2006), a computer game that elicits feelings of social exclusion, and the Social Pain Task (Immordino-Yang, McColI, Damasio and Damasio, in press), in which youth are presented with vignettes showing others being socially excluded or rejected. Both neuroimaging tasks have been linked with increased activation in brain regions associated with distress and pain processing. We expect youth with past exposure to family conflict to display greater activation in these "distress" areas, as well as diminished ability to manage that distress by recruiting areas of the prefrontal cortex that have been shown to help down regulate social distress in previous studies. We also expect these neural correlates of SER to be associated with youths' psychological symptoms and with their everyday social behavior as measured during a 14-day daily diary study. By integrating these two neuroimaging protocols with longitudinal data on family conflict from multiple reporters and ecologically valid data on adolescents' real-life social interactions, the proposed project should offer an unprecedented depth of perspective on social functioning at a pivotal developmental stage. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Conflictual family environments and a lack of social integration have both been linked with increased mental and physical health risks across the lifespan. Research that identifies markers of social vulnerability in young people, at the level of nonconscious cognitive and affective processing, can inform understanding of psychological disorders related to social functioning and the development of interventions targeting youth at risk. Important, enduring relationships are often formed during the transition from adolescence to adulthood, while psychological symptoms may begin to emerge, warranting a focus on social difficulty during this stage of life.