Scientific Core

药物滥用的健康和经济后果。在美国，药物使用是一个重要的公共卫生问题。超过5780万12岁或12岁以上的美国人和1990万12岁或12岁以上的人使用非法药物。近四分之一的美国人吸烟，吸烟仍然是美国发病率和死亡率的主要可预防原因 作为一种速效药物，年轻人的使用也仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。根据校本的说法。 监测未来研究，所有12个年级的学生中，近一半(47%)在他们的一生中尝试过非法药物。大麻是美国青少年使用的最普遍的非法精神活性物质(2)，43%的12年级学生报告使用大麻。此外，这个年龄段的年轻人中有72%的人饮酒，超过55%的人喝醉了。这一群体中约45%的人吸过烟。此外，非医疗费用的比率 最近，青少年使用处方类阿片的情况显著增加(例如，在过去一年中，每十名12年级学生中就有一人报告非医疗使用维柯丁)(3)。物质使用会导致许多重大的社会、医疗、心理和经济后果，并与显著的生产力损失、犯罪和医疗费用有关，包括疾病和传染病，如艾滋病毒和肝炎。 在美国，大约五分之一的死亡(每年超过50万人)是由药物使用造成的(4)。最近的数据显示，美国肥皂的价格超过了1.5万亿美元(5)。

Health and economic consequences of substance abuse. Substance use is a significant public health issue in the U.S. Over 57.8 million Americans aged 12 or older binge drink and 19.9 million individuals aged 12 or older use illicit drugs. Nearly one-fourth of Americans smoke cigarettes, and cigarette smoking remains the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S(2) Over 22.3 million Americans meet criteria for a SUD Substance use among youth also remains a major public health problem. According to the schoolbased. Monitoring the Future study , almost half (47%) of all 12 graders have tried an illicit drug in their lifetime. Cannabis is the most prevalent illicit psychoactive substance used by adolescents in the U.S.(2) with 43% of 12th graders reporting marijuana use. Additionally, 72% of youth in this age group have used alcohol, and over 55% have been drunk. Approximately 45% of this group has used cigarettes. Further, rates of nonmedical use of prescripfion opioids among youth have markedly increased in the recent past (e.g., 1 in ten 12th graders report non-medical use of Vicodin in the past year)(3). Substance use results in numerous, significant social, medical, psychological, and economic consequences and is associated with marked productivity losses, criminality, and health care costs, including illness and infectious diseases, such as HIV and hepatifis. Approximately one in five deaths in the U.S. (more than one-half million persons each year) is a result of substance use(4). Recent esfimates indicate that the cost of SUDs in the U.S. is over one-half trillion dollars(5).