COBRE P4: BIODIESEL AND PETROLEUM DIESEL

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目及 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 由于生物柴油对人类健康和环境的风险较低，因此使用生物柴油取代石油柴油的兴趣日益增加。多项尾气排放研究表明，与传统的石油柴油相比，使用生物柴油混合物可减少一氧化碳、颗粒物和碳氢化合物的排放。然而，目前尚不清楚减少尾气排放是否会减少职业和环境暴露，或减少健康风险。排放数据和减少外国石油进口的政治利益促使组织转向生物柴油混合物。预计2008年美国生物柴油总产量将在5亿至6亿加仑之间（McCormick 2008）。 尽管缺乏接触和人类健康影响的研究，但产量还是增加了（Swanson等人，2007年）。 我们实验室最近的研究表明，使用20%生物柴油/80%石油柴油（B20）可将空气中细颗粒物（PM2.5）的暴露浓度降低约60%。 相反，B20的使用表明有机碳浓度增加了370%。然而，这些有机物的化学性质尚未得到表征。该项目描述了柴油/生物柴油在非道路应用中的职业和环境暴露概况，重点是细颗粒物和超细颗粒物。对“真实的世界”暴露的测量为评估工人和当地公众的潜在健康风险提供了宝贵的数据，而且往往是风险评估过程中的薄弱环节。我们将具体研究控制生物柴油（B20）的混合百分比的假设  B50）将导致总PM2.5质量的显著减少; PM2.5形态的显著差异;以及高毒性有机碳物种（PAH和n-PAH）的显著减少。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. There is a growing interest in the use of biodiesel to replace petroleum diesel fuel as biodiesel has been suggested to pose less risk to human health and the environment. Multiple tailpipe emissions studies have determined use of biodiesel blends reduces emissions of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and hydrocarbons compared to traditional petroleum diesel. However, it is less clear whether reduction of tailpipe emissions will translate into reduced occupational and environmental exposures, or reduced health risk. The emissions data and perceived political benefits of reducing foreign oil imports have motivated organizations to switch to biodiesel blends. Total 2008 U.S. biodiesel production volume is expected to be between 500 and 600 million gallons (McCormick 2008). This increase in production has occurred despite a paucity of exposure and human health effects research (Swanson et al. 2007). Recent research in our laboratory demonstrated 20% biodiesel/80% petroleum diesel (B20) use reduced airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure concentrations by approximately 60%. Conversely, B20 use demonstrated a 370% increase in organic carbon concentrations. However, the chemical nature of these organics has not yet been characterized. This project characterizes diesel/biodiesel occupational and environmental exposure profiles in a nonroad application, with a focus on fine and ultrafine particulate matter. Measurement of 'real world' exposures provides valuable data to evaluate potential health risks to workers and the local public, and is often a weak link in the risk assessment process. We will specifically investigate the hypothesis that controlling the blend percentage of biodiesel (B20  B50) will result in significant reductions in total PM2.5 mass; significant differences in PM2.5 morphology; and significant decreases in highly toxic organic carbon species (PAH's & n-PAH's).