Malaria in Africa: A History of Infections and Interventions, 1900-2010

描述(由申请人提供)： 这项题为“非洲的疟疾：1900-2010年感染和干预的历史”的项目的目标是撰写撒哈拉以南非洲疟疾控制努力的历史。其目的是了解已开展的疟疾控制项目的类型、规模及其影响。结果将为疟疾专家和公共卫生专业人员在规划未来疟疾干预措施方面的工作提供信息。 这本书将基于申请人已经在美国公共卫生服务、美国疾病控制中心、美国国际开发署、法国殖民时期的医疗档案、惠康医学史研究所、伦敦卫生和热带医学院、约翰霍普金斯大学和世界卫生组织的档案中进行的研究。它将探讨1900-2010年期间疟疾干预措施的历史和影响，包括环境管理方案，如排干沼泽，破坏蚊子栖息地，使用杀虫剂和杀虫剂杀死蚊子；部署物理屏障，如筛网和蚊帐；以及提供用于预防和治疗的药物，如奎宁、氯喹和青蒿素。 该书还将参考有关非洲疟疾感染和干预措施的科学文章以及历史和人类学文章。它将探讨对疟疾对健康影响的不断变化的认识，包括对疟疾免疫力的获得和丧失的认识，以及对非洲不同生态区防治疟疾的最佳方式的变化的认识。该书将在非洲社会、政治、文化和经济变化的广泛模式和进程的背景下讨论非洲疟疾，包括独立国家的出现、发展政策中新正统思想的影响、快速城市化和人口增长。 据估计，每年有100-200万人死于疟疾，其中约90%的死亡病例发生在撒哈拉以南非洲。美国政府通过总统疟疾倡议，积极参与非洲的疟疾控制工作。这个项目与美国国立卫生研究院的更大使命是完全一致的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of this project, "Malaria in Africa: A History of Infections and Interventions, 1900- 2010," is to write a history of malaria control efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim is to gain an understanding of the types of malaria control projects that were undertaken, their scales, and their impacts. The results will inform the work of malaria specialist and public health professionals in planning future malaria interventions. The book will be based upon research that the applicant has already carried out in the archives of the United States Public Health Service, the United States Center for Disease Control, the United States Agency for International Development, the French colonial medical archives, the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University, and the World Health Organization. It will explore the history and the impacts of malaria interventions over the period 1900-2010, including environmental management programs such as the draining of swamps, the destruction of mosquito habitat, and the use of insecticides and larvicides to kill mosquitoes; the deployment of physical barriers such as screening and bed nets; and the provision of medicinal drugs such as quinine, choloroquine, and artemisinin for prophylaxis and curative therapy. The book will also draw upon scientific articles and on historical and anthropological articles about malaria infections and interventions in Africa. It will explore the changing understandings of the health effects of malaria, including those about the acquisition and loss of immunity to malaria, and the changing understandings of the best ways to fight malaria in the various ecological zones of Africa. The book will discuss African malaria in the context of broad patterns and processes of social, political, cultural, and economic change in Africa, including the emergence of independent states, the impact of new orthodoxies in development policies, rapid urbanization, and demographic growth. Malaria continues to kill an estimated 1-2 million people each year, and approximately 90 percent of these deaths are in Sub-Saharan Africa. The United States Government, through the President's Malaria Initiative, is actively engaged in malaria control in Africa. This project is squarely aligned with the larger mission of the National Institutes of Health.