Malaria in Africa: A History of Infections and Interventions, 1900-2010

非洲疟疾：感染和干预的历史，1900 年至 2010 年

• 批准号: 8232058
• 负责人: James Lewis Adrian Webb
• 金额: $ 4.9万
• 依托单位: COLBY COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-01 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8232058
• 关键词: Address; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Agency for International Development; Archives; Artemisinins; Beds; Books; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Cessation of life; Chemicals; Culicidae; Economics; Educational process of instructing; Epidemiology; Future; Goals; Growth; Habitats; Health; Health Professional; History of Medicine; Hygiene; Immunity; Incidence; Infection; Insecticides; Institutes; Intervention; Journals; Knowledge; London; Malaria; Medical; Mission; Natural Sciences; Outcome; Parasite resistance; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policy Maker; Process; Prophylactic treatment; Public Health; Publishing; Quinine; Recording of previous events; Records; Research; Resistance; Schools; Screening procedure; Social Sciences; Specialist; State Government; Thinking; Tropical Medicine; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; United States Public Health Service; Universities; Urbanization; Work; World Health Organization; Writing; acquired immunity; artemisinine; base; cost; design; development policy; fighting; killings; programs; social; vector mosquito

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of this project, "Malaria in Africa: A History of Infections and Interventions, 1900- 2010," is to write a history of malaria control efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim is to gain an understanding of the types of malaria control projects that were undertaken, their scales, and their impacts. The results will inform the work of malaria specialist and public health professionals in planning future malaria interventions. The book will be based upon research that the applicant has already carried out in the archives of the United States Public Health Service, the United States Center for Disease Control, the United States Agency for International Development, the French colonial medical archives, the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University, and the World Health Organization. It will explore the history and the impacts of malaria interventions over the period 1900-2010, including environmental management programs such as the draining of swamps, the destruction of mosquito habitat, and the use of insecticides and larvicides to kill mosquitoes; the deployment of physical barriers such as screening and bed nets; and the provision of medicinal drugs such as quinine, choloroquine, and artemisinin for prophylaxis and curative therapy. The book will also draw upon scientific articles and on historical and anthropological articles about malaria infections and interventions in Africa. It will explore the changing understandings of the health effects of malaria, including those about the acquisition and loss of immunity to malaria, and the changing understandings of the best ways to fight malaria in the various ecological zones of Africa. The book will discuss African malaria in the context of broad patterns and processes of social, political, cultural, and economic change in Africa, including the emergence of independent states, the impact of new orthodoxies in development policies, rapid urbanization, and demographic growth. Malaria continues to kill an estimated 1-2 million people each year, and approximately 90 percent of these deaths are in Sub-Saharan Africa. The United States Government, through the President's Malaria Initiative, is actively engaged in malaria control in Africa. This project is squarely aligned with the larger mission of the National Institutes of Health.

描述（由申请人提供）： 该项目题为“非洲疟疾：1900- 2010年感染和干预史”，其目标是记录撒哈拉以南非洲疟疾控制工作的历史。目的是了解所开展的疟疾控制项目的类型、规模及其影响。研究结果将为疟疾专家和公共卫生专业人员规划未来的疟疾干预措施提供信息。 这本书将基于申请人已经在美国公共卫生署、美国疾病控制中心、美国国际开发署、法国殖民医学档案馆、威康医学史研究所、伦敦卫生和热带医学院、约翰霍普金斯大学和世界卫生组织的档案中进行的研究。它将探讨1900年至2010年期间疟疾干预措施的历史和影响，包括环境管理方案，如沼泽排水，蚊子栖息地的破坏，以及使用杀虫剂和杀幼虫剂杀死蚊子;部署物理屏障，如筛查和蚊帐;以及提供奎宁、氯喹和青蒿素等预防和治疗药物。 该书还将借鉴有关非洲疟疾感染和干预措施的科学文章以及历史和人类学文章。它将探讨对疟疾健康影响的不断变化的理解，包括对疟疾免疫力的获得和丧失的理解，以及对非洲各生态区防治疟疾最佳方法的不断变化的理解。这本书将在非洲社会、政治、文化和经济变化的广泛模式和过程的背景下讨论非洲疟疾，包括独立国家的出现，发展政策中新的正统观念的影响，快速城市化和人口增长。 据估计，疟疾每年继续造成1-2百万人死亡，其中约90%的死亡发生在撒哈拉以南非洲。美国政府通过总统疟疾倡议，积极参与非洲的疟疾防治工作。该项目与美国国立卫生研究院更大的使命完全一致。