Neural Basis of Temporal Order Memory

情景记忆是指对单个事件或事件的细节丰富且可灵活访问的记忆。 情节。情景记忆的一个关键组成部分是对情景中项目的时间顺序的记忆。 插曲。虽然内侧颞叶（MTL）和前额叶的结构是明确的， 皮质（PFC）都有助于记忆时间顺序的信息，其本质是 在时间顺序记忆过程中，这些关键脑区之间的相互作用和贡献 仍有待阐明。同样未解决的是这些领域对工作的相对贡献 记忆与长期记忆任务的时间顺序的信息。拟议 实验是基于基本的假设，即MTL和PFC有助于 对工作记忆和长记忆的表现是互补的，但又是不同的。 时间顺序记忆的术语记忆任务。为了验证这些假设，我们将进行一系列 假设驱动的实验，旨在确定具体的贡献和相互作用， 在MTL和PFC结构的时间顺序任务，需要工作记忆或 长期记忆恢复在具体目标1中，我们将记录MTL和PFC中的活动， 单独地和同时地作为动物执行工作记忆时间顺序记忆任务 与物体。在特定目标2中，我们将在动物表演时同时记录两个区域 这是一项需要长时记忆来进行颜色-线索-时间顺序关联的任务。对于这两个目标， 交叉相关分析以及LFP和尖峰场相干性分析将使我们能够 评估这些区域之间相互作用的时间和性质。具体来说，我们预测 MTL的主要作用，主要是通过海马体的活动，是提供强有力的 在WM和LTM版本期间， 时间顺序任务此外，我们预测，周围的内嗅和嗅周皮质是 从事记忆编码的对象和对象的时间顺序连接词的工作 记忆任务和嗅周皮层是关键的检索的长期记忆， 颜色线索和时间顺序之间的关联。相反，我们假设PFC是 主要参与认知控制过程，包括在维持 时间顺序信息在工作记忆延迟期间，虽然我们可能会看到审判 全氟化学品中与时间有关的活动，以及 MTL和PFC在时间顺序记忆中的相互作用不仅提供了新的见解， 情节记忆的基本认知功能，但也有重要的影响， 开发用于多种影响情景记忆的疾病状态的治疗方法 包括老年痴呆症、精神分裂症和衰老中出现的记忆障碍。

Episodic memory is defined as detail-rich and flexibly accessible memory for individual events or episodes. A key component of episodic memory is memory for the temporal order of items within an episode. While it is clear that the structures of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) both contribute to memory for temporally ordered information, the nature of that contribution and the interactions between these key brain areas during temporal order memory remains to be elucidated. Also unresolved is the relative contribution of these areas to working memory versus long-term memory tasks for temporally ordered information. The proposed experiments are based on the underlying hypothesis that the MTL and PFC contribute in complementary but differentiable ways to the performance of both working memory and long- term memory tasks for temporal order memory. To test these hypothesis, we will conduct a series of hypothesis driven experiments designed to define the specific contributions and interactions of structures in the MTL and PFC during temporal order tasks requiring either working memory or long-term memory retrieval. In Specific Aim 1, we will record activity in the MTL and PFC both individually and simultaneously as animals perform a working memory temporal order memory task with objects. In Specific Aim 2, we will record simultaneously across both areas as animals perform a task requiring long-term memory for color-cue - temporal order associations. For both Aims, cross correlation analyses as well as LFP and spike-field coherence analyses will allow us to evaluate the timing and the nature of the interactions between these areas. Specifically, we predict that a major role of the MTL, mainly through the activity of the hippocampus, is to provide strong signals for particular trial events and trial timing during both the WM and the LTM versions of the temporal order task. In addition, we predict that the surrounding entorhinal and perirhinal cortex are engaged in mnemonic encoding of object and object-temporal order conjunctions for the working memory task and the perirhinal cortex is critical for the retrieval of the long-term memory for associations between color-cues and temporal order. In contrast, we hypothesize that the PFC is primarily involved in cognitive control processes including a prominent role in maintenance of temporal order information during the working memory delay period, though we may see trial timing-related activity in the PFC as well Understanding the specific contributions and functional interactions of the MTL and PFC in temporal order memory will not only provide new insight into the fundamental cognitive function of episodic memory, but also has important implications for the development of treatments for a wide variety of disease states that affect episodic memory including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and the memory impairments present in aging.