Links between affect, executive function, and prefrontal structure in aging: A longitudinal analysis

衰老过程中情感、执行功能和前额叶结构之间的联系：纵向分析

• 批准号: 9766994
• 负责人: Elizabeth Ann Kensinger
• 金额: $ 7.83万
• 依托单位: BOSTON COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9766994
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Affective; Age; Aging; Anterior; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Brain; Censuses; Characteristics; Cognition Disorders; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Commerce; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Elderly; Emotions; Equation; Foundations; Future; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Investigation; Lateral; Lead; Life; Life Style; Light; Link; Literature; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mathematics; Measures; Mediating; Meta-Analysis; Modeling; Mood Disorders; Occupations; Participant; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Psychologist; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Structure; Testing; Time; age related; base; cingulate cortex; cognitive change; cognitive function; cognitive neuroscience; design; executive function; functional decline; healthy aging; human old age (65+); longitudinal analysis; longitudinal dataset; longitudinal design; multilevel analysis; neuroimaging; pathological aging; preservation; prospective; satisfaction; statistics; theories

PROJECT SUMMARY Links between affect, executive function, and prefrontal structure in aging have been suggested in many studies that capitalize on between-individual differences within cross-sectional designs. The proposed study investigates whether these associations can be replicated using a longitudinal design that can capitalize on within-individual change as well as between-individual differences. Using existing MRI and behavioral data that were collected for other purposes, the proposed research will assess whether affective change relates to executive change in older adults (Aim 1) and whether these changes are mediated by changes in cingulate or prefrontal structure (Aim 2). There has not yet been a longitudinal analysis of how changes in brain structure relate to affective as well as cognitive change in older adults, and thus there is much to be learned from this approach. If the results confirm the associations revealed in cross-sectional studies, this would provide a strong foundation for future research to examine questions such as: whether a change in these associations could be a biomarker for pathological aging; whether lifestyle or other interventions that preserve or enrich older adults’ executive function also have positive impacts on their affective wellbeing; or whether there are age-related trajectories that set individuals at risk for affective disorders. If the results do not confirm the associations revealed in cross-sectional data, this would lead to an equally important future direction for research: to examine whether there are particular age bands over which the associations hold, or subsets of participants for whom the associations are strong, or whether theories of these associations need to be modified to explain associations that are driven by variability between, but not within, individual.

项目摘要 许多研究表明，情感、执行功能和前额叶结构在衰老过程中存在联系。 利用横截面设计中个体间差异的研究。拟定研究 研究这些关联是否可以使用纵向设计来复制， 个体内变化和个体间差异。利用现有的核磁共振成像和行为数据 为其他目的收集的数据，拟议的研究将评估情感变化是否与以下因素有关： 老年人的执行变化（目标1），以及这些变化是否由扣带或 前额叶结构（Aim 2）。 目前还没有一个纵向分析，大脑结构的变化如何与情感以及 老年人的认知变化，因此从这种方法中可以学到很多东西。如果结果证实 在横断面研究中揭示的关联，这将为未来的研究提供一个坚实的基础 研究问题，如：这些关联的变化是否可能是病理性的生物标志物， 老化;是否生活方式或其他干预措施，保持或丰富老年人的执行功能也有 对他们的情感健康产生积极影响;或者是否存在与年龄相关的轨迹， 情感障碍的风险。如果结果不能证实横截面数据中揭示的关联， 将导致一个同样重要的未来研究方向：研究是否有特定的年龄 关联所处的波段，或关联强的参与者子集，或 这些关联的理论是否需要修改，以解释由变异性驱动的关联 在个体之间，而不是在个体内部。