Building evidence for effective and sustainable cigarette warning label policy

为有效和可持续的香烟警告标签政策建立证据

• 批准号: 8399830
• 负责人: James Thrasher
• 金额: $ 59.57万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2017-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8399830
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Advertising; Affect; Affective; Area; Australia; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Beryllium; Canada; Cereals; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Charge; Cigarette; Cognition; Cognitive; Color; Country; Data Collection; Decision Making; Effectiveness; Elements; Excision; Experimental Designs; Exposure to; Foundations; Frequencies; Future; Health; Image; Imagery; Knowledge; Label; Legal; Marketing; Measurement; Mexico; Motivation; Natural experiment; Participant; Pathway interactions; Persons; Policies; Policy Developments; Process; Product Packaging; Public Health; Randomized; Readiness; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Schedule; Science; Series; Smoker; Smoking; Social Marketing; Surveys; System; Testing; Text; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco Industry; Tobacco use; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Variant; authority; base; cigarette warning label; design; evidence base; improved; innovation; meetings; novel; psychosocial; public policy on tobacco; research study; response; smoking cessation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) now has regulatory authority over tobacco, including the selection and changing of pictorial and textual content for health warning labels (HWLs) on cigarette packaging. In September 2012, the US is scheduled to implement nine different text messages and images on HWLs that will cover 50% of the front and back of cigarette packs. After the first round of pictorial HWLs is implemented, its effects will "wear out" over time. The FDA is charged with changing the content of HWLs if they have evidence that changing them will "...promote greater public understanding of the risks associated with the use of tobacco products.'' The proposed study will address methodological shortfalls of previous studies to provide researchers and US regulators with state-of-the-art scientific evidence on the effects of key pictorial HWL policy characteristics on smokers' understanding of smoking-related risks and on smoking cessation. The results will inform legal challenges to implementation of current US policy, and they will provide the basis for decision-making about future pictorial HWL policy in the US and around the world. We propose to conduct studies of adult smokers in the US and in three comparable countries that will all implement new pictorial HWLs in 2012, but with policies that differ from one another in important ways: 1. the US will implement its 1st round of pictorial HWLs, using short and simple risk messages; 2. Mexico will rotate new HWLs at the highest frequency in the world (i.e., two new HWLs every three months); 2. Canada will implement its 2nd round of pictorial HWLs, which include comprehensive risk and quit messages; 4. Australia will implement its 2nd round of pictorial HWLs, while also implementing the innovative policy of prohibiting brand colors and logos from cigarette packages in order to enhance the efficacy of HWLs. This project will capitalize on the unprecedented opportunity to systematically examine the real world effects over time of different pictorial HWL policies that US regulators should consider for future policy development. The proposed project will pursue the following specific aims: Specific Aim 1: We will use a quasi-experimental design with panels of adult smokers in four countries (Canada, Australia, Mexico, United States) to determine which pictorial HWL characteristics most effectively promote understanding of smoking-related risks and increase cessation behavior. Specific Aim 2: We will conduct a series of controlled randomized experiments among adult smokers in the same four countries, systematically varying their exposure to pictorial HWL characteristics that are novel relative to existing HWLs, in order to determine the cognitive and affective impact of these manipulations. Meeting these aims will produce the scientific evidence that US regulators need on the real world impacts of different pictorial HWL policy options. Results will be disseminated to researchers and decision-makers, including the FDA, which can revise US HWLs to improve consumer understanding of smoking-related harms. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In 2012, the United States (US), Mexico, Canada, and Australia will all implement new pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) on cigarette packaging in order to address smoking, which remains the leading cause of preventable death in the US. The proposed study will take advantage of the extraordinary opportunity to examine the effects of new pictorial HWLs in countries that are comparable to the US but with pictorial HWL policies that contrast in important ways with US policy. Our innovative study will address methodological problems with previous research in order to provide US regulators with the scientific knowledge that they need to develop a HWL policy that most effectively builds and sustains consumer understanding of smoking-related risks.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）现在拥有对烟草的监管权力，包括选择和更改香烟包装上健康警告标签（HWLs）的图片和文字内容。2012年9月，美国计划在烟盒正面和背面50%的烟盒上贴上9种不同的文字和图片。在第一轮图像HWLs实施后，其效果将随着时间的推移而“磨损”。如果FDA有证据表明改变hwl的内容将“……促进公众更好地了解与使用烟草制品有关的风险。“拟议的研究将解决以前研究方法上的不足，为研究人员和美国监管机构提供最先进的科学证据，证明关键的图示HWL政策特征对吸烟者了解吸烟相关风险和戒烟的影响。”研究结果将为美国现行政策实施中的法律挑战提供信息，并为美国和世界各地未来的图像HWL政策决策提供依据。我们建议在美国和三个可比较的国家对成年吸烟者进行研究，这三个国家都将在2012年实施新的图像hwl，但政策在重要方面彼此不同：1。美国将使用简短的风险信息，实施其第一轮图像化的风险预警；2. 墨西哥将以世界上最高的频率轮换新的hwl（即每三个月两个新的hwl）；2. 加拿大将实施第二轮图示的健康清单，其中包括全面的风险和戒烟信息；4. 澳大利亚将实施第二轮的图片烟草包装，同时实施禁止在香烟包装上使用品牌颜色和标志的创新政策，以提高烟草包装的功效。该项目将利用这一前所未有的机会，系统地研究美国监管机构在未来政策制定中应考虑的不同图形化HWL政策在现实世界中的长期影响。具体目标1：我们将采用准实验设计，由四个国家（加拿大、澳大利亚、墨西哥、美国）的成年吸烟者组成，以确定哪种HWL图像特征最有效地促进了对吸烟相关风险的理解，并增加了戒烟行为。具体目标2：我们将在同样四个国家的成年吸烟者中进行一系列对照随机实验，系统地改变他们对相对于现有HWL的新图像HWL特征的暴露，以确定这些操作的认知和情感影响。实现这些目标将产生科学证据，美国监管机构需要这些证据来研究不同的图形化HWL政策选择对现实世界的影响。结果将传播给研究人员和决策者，包括FDA，他们可以修改美国HWLs，以提高消费者对吸烟相关危害的理解。