The Promised Land? The Great Migration and Economic Progress of African Americans

描述（由申请人提供）：20世纪非裔美国人社会史的核心是两个现象：(1)“黑人-白人经济趋同”，这伴随着歧视障碍的减少和人力资本中黑人-白人差距的缩小；(2)“大迁徙”——数百万非洲裔美国人从南部向北部、中西部和西部的运动。在这个项目中，我们打算对这些现象进行详细的历史/统计描述，并调查它们之间的关系。我们的主要目的是在经济和健康相关的结果方面增加对种族不平等的科学理解。最终，我们希望这项研究有助于制定减少种族差异的政策。在执行这一方案时，我们采取了几个步骤：首先，我们将与有关机构合作，建立几个新的纵向数据来源，以便研究收入、消费、健康（按许多方面衡量）和死亡率方面的种族不平等。我们将在自己的研究中使用这些新的数据资源，并将它们提供给更广泛的研究界进行进一步的调查。其次，利用我们新开发的数据资源以及其他现有数据，我们打算探索移民与黑人-白人经济不平等之间的相互作用，重新评估过去70年来关于黑人-白人经济趋同的当前观点。在进行这项研究时，我们将比以往更多地关注种族差异的地域特殊性。第三，我们将利用健康结果和死亡率对黑人相对于白人的福祉进行彻底分析，特别是分析移民对非洲裔美国人健康的作用。第四，我们计划分析现有证据，证明来自南方的黑人移民不仅对移民自身的福祉有影响，而且对他们的子女和孙辈的福祉也有影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Two phenomena lie at the heart of 20th century African American social history: (1) the "black- white economic convergence" that accompanied the decline in discriminatory barriers and narrowing of the black-white gap in human capital, and (2) the "great migration"-the movement of millions of African Americans from the South to the North, Midwest, and West. In this project we intend to assemble a detailed historical/statistical portrait of these phenomena, and investigate the relationships between them. Our broad purpose is to increase scientific understanding of racial inequality, in terms of both economic and health-related outcomes. Ultimately, we intend that this research be useful in formulating policies that reducing racial disparity. In pursuing this program we take several steps: First, we will work with appropriate agencies to build several new longitudinal data sources for the purpose of studying racial inequality in earnings, consumption, health (as measured along many dimensions) and mortality. We will use these new data resources in our own research, and they will be made available to the broader research community for further investigations. Second, using our newly developed data resources, along with other existing data, we intend to explore the interplay between migration and black-white economic inequality, reassessing current views about black-white economic convergence over the past 70 years. In conducting this research, we will pay far more attention than has previously been possible to the location-specific nature of racial disparities. Third, we will conduct a thorough analysis of the well-being of blacks relative to whites using health outcomes and mortality, analyzing in particular the role of migration for the health of African Americans. Fourth, we plan to analyze available evidence about the impact of black migration from the South not only on the well-being of migrants themselves, but also on the well-being of their children and grandchildren. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In the United States racial inequality is an essential societal issue. It s important that scientists build clear evidence about racial disparities, and their causes and consequences, if progress is to be made in forming appropriate policy responses. These serious concerns motivate our research program-an empirical analysis of black-white inequality in economic- and health-related outcomes in the U.S. over the past century.