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Constraints on Phonological and Morphological Development

语音和形态发展的限制

基本信息

批准号：
8320388
负责人：
STEFANIE SHATTUCK-HUFNAGEL
金额：
$ 26.96万
依托单位：
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2005-06-01 至 2015-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Children's early word productions are often inconsistent in form, showing apparent between-speaker and within-speaker variability in phonological and morphological shape. Recent results show more adult-like productions in certain contexts, suggesting that children's phonological and morphological representations are more robust than often assumed. Previous acoustic/phonetic studies have also shown that children sometimes make systematic acoustic or gestural feature contrasts not perceived as such by adults (covert contrasts). However, research on such covert contrast has been limited to a few case studies. Little is therefore known about the extent of these processes across young, normally developing learners, nor about how this relates to early variability in natural speech. This proposal addresses this problem by using acoustic and articulatory measures to test the hypothesis that many of children's early phonological and morphological representations are more adult-like than they appear. To investigate this issue we draw on recent theoretical and empirical work on adult speech, where variability in production has been analyzed in terms of individual acoustic/articulatory cues to grammatical feature contrasts. However, most of this research to date has focused on the beginnings of words (onsets): very little is known about how adults or children produce contrasts at the ends of words, where languages like English encode important grammatical morphemes. We therefore extend and compare previous findings to the acoustic/phonetics of child- directed speech (by adults) and to child speech, focusing on the question of when and how children acquire word-final (coda) consonants. To do this we first carry out detailed acoustic analyses of existing adult and child speech corpora, focusing on the production of simple non-inflected and inflected words (e.g., dig, digs). We then compare these results with those of 2-year-old's speech productions under more controlled experimental conditions. The goal is to better understand the principles that underlie phonological and morphological variation in child speech. We hypothesize that between-speaker variability will occur most often for feature contrasts that are signaled by multiple articulatory gestures and acoustic cues (e.g., the voicing of word-final consonants), where developing speakers may initially implement different feature cues. In contrast, we hypothesize that within- speaker variability will be highly predictable and context dependent (e.g., sensitive to word complexity and position within the utterance), reflecting constraints on phonological form. The results will provide a framework for better understanding children's early knowledge of phonological and morphological structure, and will lay the foundation for a developmental model of language planning. This will have implications for more accurate diagnosis and design of interventions for both child and adult populations with language impairments. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The findings from this research will reveal much about the structure of children's early phonological and morphological representations, and how these develop over time. In so doing, they will provide insight into the mechanisms underlying variability in children's productions, and the possible impact of input, complexity and contextual factors in understanding between-speaker and within-speaker variability in language production. These findings will lay the foundation for constructing a developmental model of language planning, providing a framework for designing more effective tools for diagnosing and treating aspects of language impairment.

描述（由申请人提供）：儿童的早期单词生产往往是不一致的形式，表现出明显的扬声器之间和扬声器内的语音和形态的变化。最近的结果显示，在某些背景下，儿童的语音和形态表征比通常假设的更强大。以前的声学/语音研究也表明，儿童有时会进行系统的声学或手势特征对比，而成年人则不会这样认为（隐性对比）。然而，对这种隐性对比的研究仅限于少数案例研究。因此，很少有人知道这些过程的程度在年轻的，正常发展的学习者，也不知道这是如何与早期的变化，在自然语音。这个建议解决了这个问题，通过使用声学和发音的措施来测试的假设，许多儿童的早期语音和形态表征更像成人比他们出现。为了调查这个问题，我们借鉴了最近的理论和实证工作，在成人语音，在生产的变异性进行了分析，在个人的声学/发音提示语法特征对比。然而，迄今为止的大多数研究都集中在单词的开头（起始）：很少有人知道成年人或儿童如何在单词的结尾产生对比，而英语等语言编码重要的语法语素。因此，我们扩展和比较以前的研究结果的声学/语音学的儿童导向的讲话（成人）和儿童的讲话，专注于儿童何时以及如何获得字尾（尾声）辅音的问题。为了做到这一点，我们首先对现有的成人和儿童语音语料库进行详细的声学分析，重点是简单的非屈折词和屈折词的产生（例如，挖，挖）。然后，我们比较这些结果与2岁的语音产品在更受控的实验条件下。我们的目标是更好地理解儿童语音中语音和形态变化的基本原则。我们假设说话者之间的变异性最常发生在由多个发音手势和声学线索（例如，词尾辅音的发音），其中发展中的说话者可能最初实现不同的特征提示。相比之下，我们假设说话者内的变异性将是高度可预测的和上下文相关的（例如，对单词的复杂性和在话语中的位置敏感），反映了对语音形式的限制。研究结果将为更好地理解儿童早期的语音和形态结构知识提供一个框架，并为语言规划的发展模式奠定基础。这将对更准确地诊断和设计针对有语言障碍的儿童和成人人群的干预措施产生影响。公共卫生关系：这项研究的结果将揭示儿童早期语音和形态表征的结构，以及这些表征如何随着时间的推移而发展。在这样做的过程中，他们将提供深入了解儿童的生产，和输入，复杂性和语境因素的理解之间的扬声器和扬声器内的变化在语言生产的潜在机制的变化。这些发现将为构建语言规划的发展模式奠定基础，为设计更有效的语言障碍诊断和治疗工具提供框架。