Fundamental Mechano-Chemical Mechanisms of Signaling in Cancer

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The long-term goal of this proposal is to develop a molecular level understanding of hew mechanical forces can exert regulatory control ever chemical signaling processes. We seek a fundamental understanding of how the mechanical environment of a cell influences its intracellular chemical signaling. To achieve this goal we propose a highly multidisciplinary, hybrid physical and biological approach aimed at deconstructing hew key chemical signal transduction pathways of significance in cancer can be responsive to mechanical inputs The rationale for this is that the spatial organization of signaling proteins is altered in the different phases leading to malignancy, and this is fundamentally net a chemical mutation in the structure of a protein, but rather a physical perturbation to protein organization en the macromolecular length scale. The premise of our approach is that characterizing and controlling mechanical forces that drive receptor organization will allow us to elicit structural and functional phenotypes characteristic in defined phases of cancer progression. We will target the EphA2 receptor signaling pathway as well as the Ras signaling module. These are chosen for their emerging roles in chemomechanical signal transduction. We will implement a combined approach that consists of 1) super-resolution imaging of hybrid cell-supported membrane junctions, 2) micro cantilever based lateral force measurements of ligand-functionalized probes, and 3) nanoscissor laser surgery for cytoskeletal disruption. All three of these approaches will be employed in the context of the newly developed spatial mutation strategy, which provides unique opportunities to mechanically perturb living cells with chemical specificity. Mathematical modeling is an essential part of all quantitative investigations and is integrated here as well. The types of chemomechanical signal transduction couplings under investigation here have been largely overlooked by more classical biological approaches because of lack of methodology. This project is ideally suited to this center, which is built in the hybridization of physical and biological approaches.