Chemistry/ Radiochemistry

斯坦福大学的分子成像项目（MIPS）是一个跨学科的研究项目，成立于2003年，由Sanjiv Sam Gambhir博士和Christopher Contag博士指导。该计划与跨学科生物科学的Bio-X计划（http：//biox.stanford.edu/）以及来自斯坦福大学工程学院、医学学院和人文科学学院的科学家紧密相连。MIPS有一个放射性药物设施，一个小动物成像设施（http：//sci3.stanford.edu/），以及放射科的临床成像设备，包括计算机断层扫描（CT）、磁共振成像（MRI）、正电子发射断层扫描与CT结合（PET/CT）和单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）。核医学部（http：//nuclearmedicine.stanford.edu/） 它也与MIPS紧密相连。 除了位于克拉克、卢卡斯和爱德华兹大楼内的附近现有化学/放射化学资源外，2004年4月，GE PETtrace（16.5 MeV）回旋加速器被移入放射化学核心设施（RCF）。2005年8月，MIPS向RCF敞开了大门，开始设置和验证包括回旋加速器在内的所有新仪器和设备。回旋加速器常规地提供[ [18] F]氟化物（氟-18：t1/2 = 109.8 min）、[18] F]氟气（氟-18：t1/2 = 109.8 min）、[18] C]二氧化碳（碳-11：t1/2 = 20.4 min）和[18] N]氨（氮-13：t1/2 = 9.97 min）以满足MIPS中的大多数当前PET放射化学需求。虽然我们的回旋加速器可以产生氧-15（t1/2 = 2.04min），但常规生产不能 由于设施和PET扫描仪之间的距离较长，因此铟-111（t1/2 = 2.8 μ m）和钇-90（t1/2 = 64 μ m）直接从Perkin-Elmer购买。镓-68（t1/2 = 68分钟）从购自回旋加速器仪器（Mainz，德国）的Ge-68/Ga-68发生器中挤出。镥-177是从密苏里州大学研究反应堆中心获得的（见本节末尾Cathy Cutler的支持信）。我们目前从威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校获得铜-64（t1/2= 12.8 h）、钇-86（t1/2= 14.6 h）和锆-89（参见R.杰罗姆镍）和碘-124（t1/2= 4.2天），购自RITVERC GmbH（莫斯科，俄罗斯）。我们正在探讨安装固体靶和相关处理设备的可能性，以便在内部生产这些放射性同位素。

The Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) is an interdisciplinary research program founded in 2003 within the School of Medicine and directed by Drs. Sanjiv Sam Gambhir and Christopher Contag. The Program is integrally linked with the Bio-X Program in interdisciplinary biosciences (http://biox.stanford.edu/) and bnngs together scientists from the Schools of Engineering, Medicine, and Humanities & Sciences at Stanford. MIPS has a radiopharmaceutical facility, a small animal imaging facility (http://sci3.stanford.edu/), and clinical imaging equipment in the Department of Radiology including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography combined with CT (PET/CT), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The Division of Nuclear Medicine (http://nuclearmedicine.stanford.edu/) is also actively linked to MIPS. In addition to the nearby existing chemistry/radiochemistry resources located within the Clark, Lucas, and Edwards buildings, a GE PETtrace (16.5 MeV) cyclotron was moved into the Radiochemistry Core Facility (RCF) in April 2004. In August 2005, MIPS opened the doors to the RCF and began setting up and validating all the new instruments and equipment including the cyclotron. The cyclotron routinely provides [ [18] F]fluoride (fluorine-18: ti/2 = 109,8 min), f ¿F]fluorine gas (fluorine-18: tv2 = 109.8 min), [^^Cjcarbon dioxide (carbon-11: ti/2 = 20.4 min), and f ^Njammonia (nitrogen-13: ti/2 = 9.97 min) to meet most of the current PET radiochemistry needs in MIPS. Although our cyclotron can produce oxygen-15 (ti/2 = 2.04 min), routine production does not occur due to the long distance between the facility and the PET scanners, lndium-111 (ti/2 = 2.8 d) and yttrium- 90 (ti/2 = 64 h) are purchased directly from Perkin-Elmer. Gallium-68 (ti/2 = 68 min) is milked from our Ge-68/Ga-68 generator that was purchased from Cyclotron Instruments (Mainz, Germany). Lutetium-177 is acquired from the University of Missouri Research Reactor Center (see Letter of Support from Cathy Cutler at the end of this section). We currently obtain copper-64 (ti/2= 12.8 h), yttrium-86 (ti/2= 14.6 h), and zirconium-89 from the University of Wisconsin-Madison (see Letter of Support from R. Jerome Nickles), and iodine-124 (ti/2= 4.2 day) from RITVERC GmbH (Moscow, Russia). We are exploring possibilities of installing solid targets and associated processing apparatuses for in-house production of these radioisotopes.