High-throughput characterization of cis-acting polymorphisms in the human genome

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DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A major goal of research in human genetics is to functionally characterize polymorphisms in the human genome. Two recent projects - the HapMap and the 1000 Genomes Project - have achieved tremendous success in constructing a catalog of common variants and linkage disequilibrium in diverse populations. Indeed, the HapMap data allowed the development of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which have already implicated over two thousand loci associated with a wide range of diseases. By the beginning of this project's funding period, the 1000 Genomes Project will have identified essentially all ~107 common (>1% minor allele frequency) polymorphisms in humans. With this catalog in hand, the next great challenge for the field will be to functionally characterize this vast landscape of genetic variation. It is quite possible that nearly all of these 107 variants will have no detectable functional consequences - though regardless of what fraction have functional effects, identifying the specific variants that do affect phenotypes will be a significant goal for human genetics research in the coming decade. Our objective is to develop a combination of experimental and computational tools that will allow the high-throughput assignment of functional consequences to thousands of human polymorphisms, including many of those implicated by GWAS. With a simple modification to standard chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing ("ChIP-seq") methods involving pooling of samples, we will be able to genetically map molecular traits down to the level of single nucleotides with ~100-fold gains in efficiency and cost-effectiveness compared to alternative methods. Integrating the resulting functional polymorphism maps with eSNP and GWAS results will allow many polymorphisms affecting gene expression or disease risk to be simultaneously pinpointed and functionally characterized.