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Violence, Drug Use & AIDS in South African Youth: A U.S./South Africa Research Co

暴力、吸毒

基本信息

批准号：
8298147
负责人：
Frough Saadatmand
金额：
$ 18.12万
依托单位：
HOWARD UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-07-15 至 2014-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8298147
关键词：
AIDS prevention AIDS/HIV problem Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Address Adolescent Risk Behavior Adult African African American Alcohol consumption Alcohol or Other Drugs use Alcohols Anger Anxiety Area Behavior Bilateral Biological Caregivers Caucasoid Race Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)Child Collaborations Color Communication Communities Country Data Data Set Doctor of Philosophy Drug Addiction Drug abuse Drug usage Educational workshop Emotional Emotions Environmental Risk Factor Epidemic Exposure to Family Family Caregiver Feeling hopeless Female Fostering Frequencies Friends Funding Future Generations Goals HIV Health Health Priorities Health Promotion Home environment Impairment Individual Institution International Interpersonal Violence Interview Jail Knowledge Life Light Link Measures Mediating Mediator of activation protein Medical Research Mental Depression Mentors Methods Modeling Monitor Outcome Parents Patient Self-Report Pharmaceutical Preparations Population Prevention Prevention program Procedures Province Recommendation Recruitment Activity Regulation Reporting Research Research Personnel Research Priority Research Training Resources Risk Risk Behaviors Risk Factors Risk-Taking Role Sampling Schools Self Efficacy Self-Administered Sex Behavior South Africa Speed Stress Structure Students Subgroup Sum Surveys Symptoms Tobacco Trauma United States National Institutes of Health Universities Victimization Violence Youth addiction alcohol exposure base condoms coping coping mechanism cost data sharing drug abuse prevention emerging adult emotion regulation fighting high risk high school instrument intervention program killings male predictive modeling prevent programs protective effect psychologic psychological distress psychological outcomes research and development response sex sexual violence social vector youth violence

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Violence exposure across multiple contexts (home, community, school) can be related to psychological distress, drug use and sexual risk-taking in youth. These effects may be exacerbated if children are also exposed to the type of political violence (violence to obtain or maintain political power) that occurred in South Africa during apartheid (1948-1994). Exposure to political violence may interact with exposure to other forms of violence to foster poor child outcomes including psychological distress and risk behaviors such as drug use1. Political violence may also influence child outcomes indirectly by impacting the behavior of caregivers and other significant adults in the child's life who were directly exposed to the violence. These findings may increase our understanding of the factors related to drug use and HIV risks in South Africa since high levels of current exposure to violence are well documented for South African youth and many of these children were exposed to political violence either directly (e.g., witnessing violence) or indirectly via trauma to family or friends (e.g., having a parent jailed or killed) during apartheid. In light of these findings, this study will examine the independent and cumulative impact of exposure to violence in multiple contexts (home, community, school, political) on psychological functioning, alcohol, tobacco and other drug use (ATOD), and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors in a multi-ethnic (African/Black, Colored (mixed race), White, Indian) representative sample of male and female high school students (n=2000; grades 8-11) who will participate in the upcoming 2011 South Africa Youth Risk Behavior Survey (SAYRBS). The SAYRBS, like the U.S./CDC-Youth Risk Behavior Survey on which it is modeled, is a school-based, self-administered nationally representative survey to monitor priority health-risk behaviors. Preliminary findings from the SAYRBS 2002 & 2008 datasets (n=20,000+) revealed significant relationships between interpersonal violence (i.e., physical fights, sexual violence), psychological distress, and drug use, and indicated that drug use is a primary vector for exposure to HIV in South African youth. The proposed study will extend these findings by adding a second set of survey instruments to the 2011 administration to generate more comprehensive assessments of exposure to home, community, school, and political violence, psychological functioning, drug use, and HIV risks in the SAYRBS sample of students in the Western Cape Province of South Africa (n = 2000). The SAYRBS data on frequency of drug use, drug use during sexual activity and condom use, in addition to the data collected for the proposed study, will be used to develop a predictive model to identify subgroups of South African youth who, based on their exposure to political and other forms of violence, may be at high risk for drug use and HIV exposure, and should be targeted for prevention and/or intervention programs. To identify potentially modifiable protective factors that could be addressed in drug and/or HIV prevention programs for South Africa youth exposed to violence, we will add instruments to the 2011 SAYRBS survey to examine the roles of youth emotional regulation and coping mechanisms in our entire survey sample of students (n=2000). As an exploratory aim, we will also conduct separate interviews with a random sample (n=200) of maternal caregivers of these students to examine the influence of caregiver risk behaviors, psychological functioning, and communications about violence, drug use and HIV/AIDS on youth outcomes and the feasibility of a larger future study. Based on an eight-year collaboration, this study will be directed by Kathy Sanders- Phillips, Ph.D., from Howard University, and Priscilla Reddy, Ph.D., the SAYRBS PI and Director of the National Health Promotion Research and Development Office at the Medical Research Council (MRC) in South Africa. This study is submitted in response to PA-09-021 - International Research Collaboration on Drug Abuse and Addiction Research (R21) - whose primary goal is to "build on unique resources and special opportunities including access to resources, populations and/or environmental conditions in other countries that will speed scientific discovery." The PA identifies "links between HIV/AIDS and drug abuse" as a priority research area. A second goal of the PA is to "conduct activities that build research capacity; develop bilateral interchanges to share research knowledge for mutual benefit; and expand capabilities of non-U.S. addiction researchers". The proposed study comprehensively addresses these goals and priorities by (1) capitalizing on the unique opportunity of the 2011 SAYRBS and building on the resources and staff of a survey that is supported and conducted by the premier health research institution in South Africa; (2) utilizing the SAYRBS sampling procedures to recruit a nationally representative sample; (3) leveraging minimal U.S. funds to collect added data on the 2000 students who will complete the SAYRBS in the Western Cape Province of South Africa; (4) capitalizing on the historical opportunity to examine the first post-apartheid generation in South Africa to expand our limited knowledge of the effects of exposure to political violence on youth and caregivers and (5) providing capacity building and data sharing activities and opportunities to South Africa drug addiction researchers in violence exposure research. The proposed study also addresses the recommendations of South Africa researchers and the South Africa Department of Health that "studies of the contribution of environmental risk factors like violence exposure to drug use and HIV risk are critical to the ability to prioritize targets for intervention and prevention programs in South Africa" and that "preventing drug use is an important strategy for addressing the AIDS epidemic in South Africa"2-10. Finally, since the methods and instruments for this project are based on currently funded NIH studies (R01, Biological and Social Correlates of Drug Use in African American Emerging Adults, Sanders-Phillips, PI; Research Training in the Prevention of Drug Abuse and AIDS in Communities of Color, Sanders-Phillips, PI, 1R24DA021470; Mediators of Violence Exposure and Drug Use in Youth, Kliewer, PI, R21 DA 020086), findings for South Africa and the U.S. can be compared. In sum, by building on the existing SAYRBS survey and current U.S. studies, this study is a cost-efficient strategy that leverages U.S. funds to collect data on an environmental risk factor (i.e., violence in multiple contexts) that can be addressed in drug and HIV/AIDS programs for South African youth and their caregivers, and increases our understanding of the effects of children's exposure to political violence on health risks and outcomes.

描述（由申请人提供）：在多种环境下（家庭、社区、学校）的暴力暴露可能与青少年的心理困扰、吸毒和性冒险有关。如果儿童还接触到种族隔离时期（1948-1994年）南非发生的那种政治暴力（为获得或维持政治权力而使用的暴力），这些影响可能会加剧。接触政治暴力可能与接触其他形式的暴力相互作用，造成不良的儿童后果，包括心理困扰和吸毒等危险行为1。政治暴力还可能通过影响儿童生活中直接遭受暴力的照料者和其他重要成年人的行为，间接影响儿童的结局。这些发现可能会增加我们对南非吸毒和艾滋病毒风险相关因素的理解，因为目前南非青年暴露于暴力的程度很高，而且这些儿童中的许多人在种族隔离期间直接（例如，目睹暴力）或通过对家人或朋友的创伤间接暴露于政治暴力（例如，父母被监禁或杀害）。根据这些发现，本研究将在多种族（非洲人/黑人、有色人种（混血儿）、白人、印度人）高中学生的代表性样本中，检验在多种背景下（家庭、社区、学校、政治）暴露于暴力对心理功能、酒精、烟草和其他药物使用（ATOD）以及艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险行为的独立和累积影响(n=2000；他们将参加即将到来的2011年南非青少年危险行为调查（SAYRBS）。SAYRBS与美国/ cdc青少年风险行为调查一样，是一项以学校为基础的、自我管理的、具有全国代表性的调查，旨在监测优先的健康风险行为。SAYRBS 2002年和2008年数据集（n=20,000+）的初步发现揭示了人际暴力（即身体打架、性暴力）、心理困扰和吸毒之间的显著关系，并表明吸毒是南非青年接触艾滋病毒的主要媒介。拟议的研究将通过在2011年行政管理中增加第二套调查工具来扩展这些发现，从而对南非西开普省SAYRBS学生样本（n = 2000）的家庭、社区、学校和政治暴力、心理功能、吸毒和艾滋病毒风险进行更全面的评估。SAYRBS关于药物使用频率、性活动期间药物使用和避孕套使用的数据，以及为拟议的研究收集的数据，将用于开发一个预测模型，以确定南非青年的亚群体，根据他们接触政治和其他形式的暴力，他们可能处于药物使用和艾滋病毒暴露的高风险中，应该成为预防和/或干预计划的目标。为了确定潜在的可修改的保护因素，这些因素可以在南非暴露于暴力的青少年的毒品和/或艾滋病毒预防项目中得到解决，我们将在2011年SAYRBS调查中增加工具，以检查青少年情绪调节和应对机制在我们整个调查样本中的作用（n=2000）。作为一个探索性目的，我们还将对这些学生的母亲照顾者进行随机抽样（n=200）的单独访谈，以检验照顾者的风险行为、心理功能以及关于暴力、吸毒和艾滋病毒/艾滋病的交流对青少年结局的影响，以及未来更大规模研究的可行性。基于八年的合作，这项研究将由霍华德大学的Kathy Sanders- Phillips博士和南非医学研究委员会（MRC）国家健康促进研究与发展办公室主任、SAYRBS PI Priscilla Reddy博士指导。这项研究是根据PA-09-021 -药物滥用和成瘾研究国际研究合作（R21）提交的，其主要目标是“建立在独特的资源和特殊的机会上，包括获取其他国家的资源、人口和/或环境条件，这将加速科学发现。”该计划将“艾滋病毒/艾滋病与药物滥用之间的联系”确定为优先研究领域。计划的第二个目标是“开展建设研究能力的活动；发展双边交流，分享研究知识，互惠互利；扩大美国以外国家的能力。成瘾研究人员”。拟议的研究通过以下方式全面解决这些目标和优先事项：(1)利用2011年SAYRBS的独特机会，并利用由南非主要卫生研究机构支持和开展的一项调查的资源和人员；(2)利用SAYRBS抽样程序招募具有全国代表性的样本；(3)利用最少的美国资金收集将在南非西开普省完成SAYRBS的2000名学生的额外数据；(4)利用历史机会考察南非后种族隔离时代的第一代，以扩大我们对暴露于政治暴力对青年和照顾者的影响的有限知识；(5)为南非吸毒成瘾研究人员在暴力暴露研究中提供能力建设和数据共享活动和机会。拟议的研究还涉及南非研究人员和南非卫生部的建议，即“研究吸毒暴力和艾滋病毒风险等环境风险因素对南非干预和预防方案优先目标的影响至关重要”，以及“预防吸毒是解决南非艾滋病流行的重要战略”2-10。最后，由于该项目的方法和工具是基于目前资助的NIH研究（R01，非裔美国新生成年人药物使用的生物学和社会相关性，Sanders-Phillips， PI；有色人种社区药物滥用和艾滋病预防研究培训，Sanders-Phillips， PI, 1R24DA021470；青少年暴力暴露和药物使用的中介，Kliewer， PI, R21 DA 020086），南非和美国的研究结果可以进行比较。总而言之，通过建立现有的SAYRBS调查和当前的美国研究，本研究是一个具有成本效益的策略，利用美国的资金收集环境风险因素（即多种情况下的暴力）的数据，这些数据可以在南非青年及其照顾者的毒品和艾滋病毒/艾滋病项目中得到解决，并增加我们对儿童暴露于政治暴力对健康风险和结果的影响的理解。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（2）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Exposure to violence across multiple contexts and health risk behaviours in South African adolescents: the moderating role of emotion dysregulation.

南非青少年在多种背景下遭受暴力和健康风险行为：情绪失调的调节作用。

DOI：
10.1080/08870446.2019.1637521
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Psychology & health
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Sui,Xincheng;Massar,Karlijn;Kessels,LoesTE;Reddy,PriscillaS;Ruiter,RobertAC;Sanders-Phillips,Kathy
通讯作者：
Sanders-Phillips,Kathy

Violence Exposure in South African Adolescents: Differential and Cumulative Effects on Psychological Functioning.

南非青少年的暴力暴露：对心理功能的差异和累积影响。