The Impact of Psychopathic Traits on a Cocaine Use Intervention for Offenders

精神病特征对罪犯可卡因使用干预的影响

• 批准号: 8316387
• 负责人: Marc Swogger
• 金额: $ 16.98万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-30 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8316387
• 关键词: Address; Administrator; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Anger; Attention; Behavior; Characteristics; Child; Clinical Trials; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Criminal Justice; Data; Diversion Program; Drug usage; Drug user; Economics; Emotional; Empathy; Enrollment; Evidence based intervention; Exhibits; Family; Feedback; Forensic Medicine; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Future; Goals; Health; Heterogeneity; Hostility; Imprisonment; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Investigation; Jail; Link; Measures; Mediating; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Traits; Phase; Policy Maker; Population; Population Characteristics; Public Health; Randomized Clinical Trials; Relative (related person); Research; Resistance; Resources; Role; Societies; Therapeutic; Therapeutic Intervention; Treatment Efficacy; Treatment outcome; Violence; Work; Writing; abstracting; alcohol abuse therapy; anti social; base; brief intervention; cocaine use; criminal behavior; effective intervention; efficacy testing; follow-up; fundamental research; group intervention; motivational enhancement therapy; offender; programs; psychopathic personality; psychosocial; recidivism; response; standard care; theories; trait; wasting

Abstract: Cocaine use among criminal offenders constitutes a major public health problem and is tied to negative consequences for offenders, their families, and their communities. One of the direst of these consequences is repeated incarceration; thus, interventions that reduce criminal recidivism are needed. Forensic populations are often viewed with considerable therapeutic pessimism. However, offenders exhibit heterogeneity in personality traits, and the assessment of individual differences among offenders may provide valuable information that guides the use of psychotherapeutic interventions. Among offenders, psychopathy has emerged as an important personality construct for the understanding of violence and criminal recidivism. Moreover, core traits of psychopathy such as lack of empathy, deceitfulness, and lack of remorse may have negative implications for the efficacy of psychosocial interventions. A foundational premise of the present work is that understanding the moderating role of psychopathic traits on substance use treatment outcomes among offenders is essential to determining what works, and for whom. The current proposal is a Phase II randomized clinical trial that aims to examine the impact of psychopathic traits on the efficacy of a brief cocaine use intervention for offenders in a jail diversion program. Hypotheses that will be examined include: 1) that a Motivational Interviewing (MI) - based treatment will reduce cocaine use and related consequences relative to a Standard Care only condition, 2) that the reduction in cocaine use in the intervention group will mediate a reduction in later criminal recidivism relative to the Standard Care condition, and 3) that core psychopathic traits will moderate the efficacy of the intervention such that individuals with lower levels of these traits will derive greater benefits with regard to decreased cocaine use, decreased drug use consequences, and decreased criminal recidivism at a one-year follow-up. This work has the potential to provide important data regarding which individuals can benefit from a brief intervention for cocaine use. Such data will inform the effective and efficient allocation of treatment resources for cocaine using offenders.

摘要： 刑事犯罪者中的可卡因使用构成一个主要的公共卫生问题， 对罪犯、他们的家庭和他们的社区造成的后果。其中最可怕的后果之一是 重复监禁;因此，需要采取干预措施，减少刑事累犯。法医群体 往往被视为相当悲观的治疗。然而，罪犯在以下方面表现出异质性： 人格特征，以及罪犯之间的个体差异的评估可能提供有价值的 指导使用心理治疗干预的信息。在罪犯中，精神变态者 作为一个重要的人格结构的暴力和犯罪累犯的理解。 此外，精神病的核心特征，如缺乏同情心，欺骗性和缺乏悔恨，可能会导致 对社会心理干预的有效性产生负面影响。本工作的一个基本前提是 理解精神病特征对物质使用治疗结果的调节作用， 罪犯是至关重要的，以确定什么工作，为谁。目前的建议是第二阶段 一项随机临床试验，旨在检查精神病特征对短期疗效的影响 可卡因使用干预在监狱分流计划的罪犯。将检验的假设包括：1） 基于动机访谈（MI）的治疗将减少可卡因的使用和相关后果 相对于仅标准治疗的情况，2）干预组中可卡因使用的减少将 调解减少以后的刑事累犯相对于标准护理条件，和3）核心 精神病特征将缓和干预的功效，使得具有较低水平的个体 这些特征将在减少可卡因使用、减少毒品使用方面获得更大的益处， 在一年的随访中，犯罪累犯率下降。这项工作有可能 提供了关于哪些人可以从可卡因使用的短暂干预中受益的重要数据。等 数据将为有效和高效地分配可卡因使用罪犯的治疗资源提供依据。