Immuno-epidemiological epitope mapping of a blood stage malaria vaccine antigen

血期疟疾疫苗抗原的免疫流行病学表位作图

• 批准号: 8234592
• 负责人: CHRISTOPHER V. PLOWE
• 金额: $ 58.98万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-02-02 至 2016-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8234592
• 关键词: Affect; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; Alleles; Amino Acids; Animal Experiments; Animals; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Antigenic Diversity; Antigenic Variation; Antigens; Area; Blood; Cessation of life; Child; Clinical; Clinical Research; Development; Disease; Epidemiology; Epitope Mapping; Epitopes; Exposure to; Falciparum Malaria; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Genotype; Goals; Haplotypes; Health Benefit; Hot Spot; Human; Immune; Immune response; Immune system; Immunity; Individual; Infant; Infection; Laboratory Study; Lead; Longitudinal Studies; Malaria; Malaria Vaccines; Malaria prevention; Mali; Maps; Measures; Molecular; Molecular Epidemiology; Morbidity - disease rate; Mutate; Natural Immunity; Nature; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Outcome; Parasites; Patients; Peptides; Phase II Clinical Trials; Plasma; Research; Research Project Grants; Risk; Sampling; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Serological; Serum; Staging; Subgroup; System; Testing; Translational Research; Vaccine Antigen; Vaccines; Variant; acquired immunity; apical membrane; base; biological systems; clinically relevant; cohort; design; epidemiology study; experience; genetic variant; global health; immunogenicity; mortality; novel; prospective; protein expression; response; vaccine candidate; vaccinology

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): An effective blood stage Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine would be of immense global health benefit, particularly for infants and young children who suffer the greatest burden of malaria morbidity and mortality. We propose to use novel molecular epidemiological and structural vaccinology approaches to understand the human immune response to and the resulting antigenic diversity of apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1), a leading malaria vaccine candidate antigen. AMA1 is highly polymorphic; antigenic variation is likely a parasite immune escape mechanism that allows repeated infection with different variants in the face of natural immunity. We recently completed the first Phase 2 clinical trial of a monovalent AMA1- based malaria vaccine in children in Mali, West Africa. The vaccine had limited overall efficacy but good allele-specific efficacy against clinical malaria caused by parasites with AMA1 homologous to the vaccine strain with respect to immunologically relevant polymorphisms in AMA1. Molecular epidemiological and animal studies suggest that some regions of the AMA1 molecule represent "immunogenicity hot spots," i.e. residues within these regions are critical to development of strain-specific protective immunity. The combined results of these clinical and laboratory studies suggest that the vast diversity of AMA1 alleles may be consolidated into a smaller number of subgroups, thereby reducing the number of variants that would have to be included to achieve a broadly cross-protective AMA1 vaccine. The proposed translational research project will employ novel molecular epidemiological approaches that we have developed, as well as a novel autotransporter protein expression system, to analyze patient serum samples collected in prospective longitudinal studies in a malaria endemic area, with the aim of identifying cross-reactive and cross-protective AMA1 epitopes. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: One reason there is still no malaria vaccine is because malaria parasites are able to mutate and change to escape natural immunity. This project seeks to understand how the human immune system interacts with rapidly changing malaria parasites to provide natural protection against malaria infection in the field. This information will be used to better understand how to make a vaccine that could protect against the many diverse forms of malaria parasites found in nature.

描述（由申请方提供）：有效的血液期恶性疟原虫疟疾疫苗将具有巨大的全球健康益处，特别是对于遭受疟疾发病率和死亡率最大负担的婴儿和幼儿。我们建议使用新的分子流行病学和结构疫苗学的方法来了解人类的免疫反应和由此产生的抗原多样性的顶端膜抗原-1（AMA1），一个领先的疟疾疫苗候选抗原。AMA1具有高度多态性;抗原变异可能是寄生虫免疫逃逸机制，其允许在面对天然免疫时用不同变体重复感染。我们最近在西非马里的儿童中完成了基于AMA1的单价疟疾疫苗的第一个2期临床试验。该疫苗具有有限的总体疗效，但对由AMA1与疫苗株同源的寄生虫引起的临床疟疾具有良好的等位基因特异性疗效，就AMA1的免疫相关多态性而言。分子流行病学和动物研究表明，AMA1分子的某些区域代表"免疫原性热点"，即这些区域内的残基对菌株特异性保护性免疫的发展至关重要。这些临床和实验室研究的综合结果表明，AMA1等位基因的巨大多样性可能被合并为较小数量的亚组，从而减少了必须包括以实现广泛交叉保护的AMA1疫苗的变体数量。拟议的转化研究项目将采用我们开发的新型分子流行病学方法，以及一种新型的自转运蛋白表达系统，分析在疟疾流行区前瞻性纵向研究中收集的患者血清样本，目的是确定交叉反应和交叉保护AMA1表位。 公共卫生关系：疟疾疫苗仍然没有的一个原因是疟疾寄生虫能够变异和改变以逃避自然免疫。该项目旨在了解人类免疫系统如何与快速变化的疟疾寄生虫相互作用，以提供对疟疾感染的天然保护。这些信息将被用来更好地了解如何制造一种疫苗，可以防止自然界中发现的许多不同形式的疟疾寄生虫。