Gender, Harassment and Drinking among College Students

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究将扩展过去对大学生饮酒的研究，a)研究在其他学校和生活压力源的背景下，学校（SH）和工作（WH）的骚扰模式如何对女性和男性大学生的饮酒轨迹和问题饮酒做出不同的贡献，b)应用压力源-脆弱性模型来研究各种与性别相关的风险和保护因素如何影响WH和SH与其他工作，学校，随着时间的推移，生活压力因素和问题酒精使用的轨迹（即，增加或长期大量使用的轨迹）。假设的调节因素包括关系取向、应对策略（情绪集中、主动和回避型应对）、来自家庭、学校同伴和同事的感知社会支持、饮酒动机（缓解紧张、社交、从容不化和权力动机）、学校和工作同伴之间的同性饮酒规范以及酗酒家族史。我们还将研究WH和SH对饮酒和吸毒的影响在多大程度上是由负面影响（抑郁、焦虑和愤怒/敌意）介导的，性别不同。结合这些因素的假设检验结果将有助于建立未成年人饮酒预测因素的知识库，特别是个人、学校和工作场所的问题，这些问题可能使女学生在面对压力时面临饮酒问题的特别风险。我们建议在四年中的6个时间点使用基于网络的问卷调查来自伊利诺伊州6所大学和学院（2年制和4年制；公立和私立；城市和农村）的3,000名18岁或以上的新生；(1)入学前2个月（基准）和(2)入学前4个月；（三）八个月；(4) 20个月；（五）32个月；(6)大学入学后44个月。这一设计将允许我们使用传统的以变量为中心的统计方法来研究变量之间的结构关系，以及以人为中心的方法来研究男女大学生饮酒中个体内部变化的不同模式的预测因素和结果，从而探索我们的假设。以人为本的方法也将使我们能够检查在哪个时间点预测因素是最显著的。这将是第一个将WH和SH作为其他学校、工作和生活压力因素背景下酒精使用的潜在预测因素的研究，并将这些措施纳入以人为中心的饮酒轨迹潜在增长混合模型。本研究的长期目标是：1)更好地理解各种领域中导致酗酒的复杂社会心理风险因素对年轻成年男女大学生的影响，2)利用这些知识制定及时的、针对性别的预防和干预策略，这些策略可以在个人、学校或工作场所层面实施，以解决大学生中的酗酒问题，3)提供数据支持法律努力，禁止普遍的工作场所骚扰。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study will extend past research on college student drinking by a) examining how patterns of harassment at school (SH) and work (WH), in the context of other school and life stressors, may differentially contribute to drinking trajectories and problem drinking for women versus men college students, and b) applying a stressor-vulnerability model to examine how a variety of gender-linked risk and protective factors may influence the relationships between WH and SH and other work, school, and life stressors and trajectories of problematic alcohol use (i.e., trajectories of increasing or chronically heavy use) over time. Hypothesized moderators include relational orientation, coping strategies (emotion focused, active, and avoidant coping), perceived social support from family, school peers, and coworkers, drinking motives (tension-reduction, sociability, conformity, and power motives), same-sex drinking norms among school and work peers, and family history of alcoholism. We will also examine the extent to which the effects of WH and SH on drinking and drug use are mediated by negative affect (depression, anxiety, and anger/hostility), differentially by gender. Results of hypothesis tests incorporating these factors will contribute to the knowledge base about predictors of underage drinking, specifically the individual, school, and workplace issues that may place female students at particular risk for problematic drinking in response to stress. We propose to survey 3,000 incoming college freshman aged 18 or older from six Illinois universities and colleges (2- and 4-year; public and private; urban and rural) using a web-based questionnaire at 6 time points across four years; (1) 2 months prior to college entry (baseline), and at (2) 4 months; (3) 8 months; (4) 20 months; (5) 32 months; and (6) 44 months after college entry. This design will allow us to explore our hypotheses using both traditional variable-centered statistical approaches to look at structural relationships among variables, as well as a person-centered approach to examine predictors and outcomes of distinct patterns of intra-individual change in drinking among women and men college students. The person-centered approach will also allow us to examine at which time points predictive factors are most salient. This will be the first study to include WH and SH as potential predictors of alcohol use in the context of other school, work, and life stressors, and to incorporate these measures into person-centered latent growth mixture models of drinking trajectories. The long term goals of this study are to: 1) better understand how the complex array of psychosocial risk factors for alcohol abuse, within a variety of domains, differ over time for young adult women and men college students, 2) use this knowledge to develop timely, gender-specific prevention and intervention strategies that might be implemented at the individual, school, or workplace levels to address alcohol abuse among college students, and 3) provide data to support legal efforts to prohibit generalized workplace harassment. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project is relevant to public health in its focus on predictors of problematic drinking in college students, a population at particular risk for this behavior. The study will examine how understudied social stressors (e.g., workplace and school sexual harassment and generalized harassment) in conjunction with gender-linked risk and protective factors may explain problematic patterns of alcohol and drug use over time for women versus men students. Clarifying the mechanisms through which social stressors influence substance use patterns for women as compared to men, and the timing of when these stressors have the greatest influence on substance use, will enable us to suggest timely gender-specific intervention and prevention strategies to more effectively target alcohol, drug, and harassment-related issues among college students.