Gender, Harassment and Drinking among College Students

描述（申请人提供）：这项研究将通过以下方式扩展过去对大学生饮酒的研究：a）在其他学校和生活压力的背景下，研究学校（SH）和工作（WH）中的骚扰模式如何对女性与男性大学生的饮酒轨迹和饮酒问题做出不同的贡献，以及B）应用压力源-脆弱性模型来检查各种与性别相关的风险和保护因素如何影响WH和SH与其他工作，学校，以及生活压力源和有问题的酒精使用轨迹（即，增加或长期大量使用的轨迹）。假设的调节因素包括关系取向，应对策略（情绪集中，积极和回避应对），从家庭，学校的同龄人和同事，饮酒动机（紧张减少，社交，一致性和权力动机），同性饮酒规范之间的学校和工作的同龄人，和酗酒的家族史感知的社会支持。我们还将研究WH和SH对饮酒和药物使用的影响在多大程度上是由负面影响（抑郁，焦虑和愤怒/敌意）介导的，不同性别。将这些因素的假设检验的结果将有助于未成年人饮酒的预测，特别是个人，学校和工作场所的问题，可能会使女学生在应对压力的问题饮酒的特别风险的知识基础。我们计划调查来自伊利诺伊州六所大学和学院的3,000名18岁或以上的新生（2年和4年;公立和私立;城市和农村）在4年的6个时间点使用基于网络的问卷;（1）进入大学前2个月（基线），和（2）4个月;（3）8个月;（4）20个月;（5）32个月;和（6）44个月后进入大学。这种设计将使我们能够探索我们的假设，既使用传统的以变量为中心的统计方法来研究变量之间的结构关系，也使用以人为中心的方法来研究女性和男性大学生饮酒的个体内变化的不同模式的预测因素和结果。以人为中心的方法也将使我们能够检查在哪些时间点预测因素是最显着的。这将是第一项研究，包括WH和SH作为潜在的预测酒精使用的背景下，其他学校，工作和生活压力，并将这些措施纳入以人为中心的潜在增长混合模型的饮酒轨迹。本研究的长期目标是：1）更好地了解酒精滥用的复杂心理社会风险因素，在各种领域内，如何随着时间的推移而对年轻的成年男女大学生有所不同，2）利用这一知识制定及时的，针对性别的预防和干预战略，这些战略可以在个人，学校，或工作场所水平，以解决大学生酗酒问题，和3）提供数据，以支持法律的努力，以禁止普遍的工作场所骚扰。 公共卫生相关性：该项目与公共卫生有关，其重点是大学生问题饮酒的预测因素，这是一个特别危险的人群。这项研究将研究如何充分研究社会压力（例如，工作场所和学校的性骚扰和普遍性骚扰），加上与性别有关的风险和保护因素，可能解释了长期以来女学生与男学生相比酗酒和吸毒的问题模式。澄清的机制，通过社会压力影响物质使用模式的女性相比，男性，以及这些压力的时间对物质使用的影响最大，将使我们能够建议及时的性别特定的干预和预防策略，更有效地针对酒精，毒品和骚扰相关的问题在大学生。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study will extend past research on college student drinking by a) examining how patterns of harassment at school (SH) and work (WH), in the context of other school and life stressors, may differentially contribute to drinking trajectories and problem drinking for women versus men college students, and b) applying a stressor-vulnerability model to examine how a variety of gender-linked risk and protective factors may influence the relationships between WH and SH and other work, school, and life stressors and trajectories of problematic alcohol use (i.e., trajectories of increasing or chronically heavy use) over time. Hypothesized moderators include relational orientation, coping strategies (emotion focused, active, and avoidant coping), perceived social support from family, school peers, and coworkers, drinking motives (tension-reduction, sociability, conformity, and power motives), same-sex drinking norms among school and work peers, and family history of alcoholism. We will also examine the extent to which the effects of WH and SH on drinking and drug use are mediated by negative affect (depression, anxiety, and anger/hostility), differentially by gender. Results of hypothesis tests incorporating these factors will contribute to the knowledge base about predictors of underage drinking, specifically the individual, school, and workplace issues that may place female students at particular risk for problematic drinking in response to stress. We propose to survey 3,000 incoming college freshman aged 18 or older from six Illinois universities and colleges (2- and 4-year; public and private; urban and rural) using a web-based questionnaire at 6 time points across four years; (1) 2 months prior to college entry (baseline), and at (2) 4 months; (3) 8 months; (4) 20 months; (5) 32 months; and (6) 44 months after college entry. This design will allow us to explore our hypotheses using both traditional variable-centered statistical approaches to look at structural relationships among variables, as well as a person-centered approach to examine predictors and outcomes of distinct patterns of intra-individual change in drinking among women and men college students. The person-centered approach will also allow us to examine at which time points predictive factors are most salient. This will be the first study to include WH and SH as potential predictors of alcohol use in the context of other school, work, and life stressors, and to incorporate these measures into person-centered latent growth mixture models of drinking trajectories. The long term goals of this study are to: 1) better understand how the complex array of psychosocial risk factors for alcohol abuse, within a variety of domains, differ over time for young adult women and men college students, 2) use this knowledge to develop timely, gender-specific prevention and intervention strategies that might be implemented at the individual, school, or workplace levels to address alcohol abuse among college students, and 3) provide data to support legal efforts to prohibit generalized workplace harassment. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project is relevant to public health in its focus on predictors of problematic drinking in college students, a population at particular risk for this behavior. The study will examine how understudied social stressors (e.g., workplace and school sexual harassment and generalized harassment) in conjunction with gender-linked risk and protective factors may explain problematic patterns of alcohol and drug use over time for women versus men students. Clarifying the mechanisms through which social stressors influence substance use patterns for women as compared to men, and the timing of when these stressors have the greatest influence on substance use, will enable us to suggest timely gender-specific intervention and prevention strategies to more effectively target alcohol, drug, and harassment-related issues among college students.