Work-family Conflict and Drinking in Caregivers

描述(由申请人提供)：这项研究将测试工作-家庭冲突(WFC)的前因和过程的综合模型，根据该模型，WFC与长期饮酒/滥用酒精有关，这些人也是儿童、独立成年人或虚弱老人的无偿照顾者。目标是研究：1)WFC在工作(如工作场所骚扰、家庭友好政策等工作压力源)、家庭/非工作(如照顾者负担、生活事件、非工作骚扰)和个人(即消极情感)领域的前因，以及这些变量与WFC的方向性(即工作到家庭、家庭到工作)和类型(即基于时间、基于压力)的关系；2)WFC对个人(即饮酒模式/问题、药物使用)、家庭(即家庭冲突)和工作(即工作满意度、离职意图)结果的影响在多大程度上是由痛苦(即抑郁、焦虑、倦怠)中介的；3)个人(即饮酒预期、酗酒家族史)、家庭(例如配偶/伴侣支持率低)和工作场所(即主管/同事支持率低、工作场所政策可用性低)领域的风险因素，这些因素可能会加强WFC饮酒关系；以及4)测试模型的性别和种族/民族等价性。这项研究将通过1)对照顾者的包容性定义，2)更详细地测量WFC，3)测试各种WFC-饮酒关系的潜在调节因素，以及4)研究不同的样本，来解决现有研究的不足。将使用随机数字拨号电话筛选(基线)和邮件调查方法(基线，12个月，24个月)相结合的方法来进行3波小组研究(N=1,300)，样本来自不同的城市社区。数据将使用回归和结构方程建模进行分析。长期目标是1)确定家庭和工作环境中可导致干预措施的因素，以减少WFC和酒精问题，2)影响WFC相关酒精问题的治疗，以及3)增加关于酒精滥用风险因素的知识。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study will test a comprehensive model of antecedents of work-family conflict (WFC) and processes whereby WFC is linked to alcohol use/misuse over time in employed people who are also unpaid caregivers of children, dependent adults, or frail elderly. Goals are to examine: 1) Antecedents of WFC in work (e.g., job stressors including workplace harassment, family-friendly policies), family/non-work (e.g., caregiver burden, life events, non-work harassment), and individual (i.e., negative affectivity) domains, and how these variables are related to directionality (i.e., work-to-family, family-to-work) and type (i.e., time-based, strain-based) of WFC; 2) The extent to which effects of WFC on individual (i.e., drinking patterns/problems, substance use), family (i.e., family conflict), and work (i.e., job satisfaction, turnover intent) outcomes are mediated by distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, burnout); 3) Risk factors in individual (i.e., alcohol expectancies, family history of alcoholism), family (e.g., low spouse/partner support), and workplace (i.e., low supervisor/coworker support, low usability of workplace policies) domains that may strengthen WFC-drinking relationships; and 4) To test the gender and racial/ethnic equivalence of the model. This study will address deficiencies of existing research by 1) using an inclusive definition of caregiver, 2) measuring WFC in greater detail, 3) testing a wide variety of potential moderators of WFC-drinking relationships, and 4) studying a diverse sample. A combination of random digit dial telephone screening (baseline) and mail survey methodology (baseline, 12 mo, 24 mo) will be used to conduct the 3-wave panel study (N=1,300) in a representative sample drawn from a diverse urban community. Data will be analyzed using regression and structural equation modeling. Long term objectives are to 1) identify factors in family and work environments that can lead to interventions to decrease WFC and alcohol problems, 2) impact treatment of WFC-associated alcohol problems, and 3) add to the body of knowledge on risk factors for alcohol abuse.