Work-family Conflict and Drinking in Caregivers

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究将测试工作-家庭冲突（WFC）的前因和过程的综合模型，其中WFC与长期的酒精使用/滥用有关，这些人同时也是儿童、受抚养成年人或体弱老年人的无偿照顾者。研究目标是：1)工作中WFC的前因（如工作压力源，包括工作场所骚扰、家庭友好政策）、家庭/非工作（如照顾者负担、生活事件、非工作骚扰）和个人（如消极情感）领域，以及这些变量如何与WFC的方向性（如工作-家庭、家庭-工作）和类型（如基于时间、基于压力）相关；2)心理压力对个体（如饮酒模式/问题、物质使用）、家庭（如家庭冲突）和工作（如工作满意度、离职意图）结果的影响程度是由心理压力（如抑郁、焦虑、倦怠）介导的；3)可能加强wfc -饮酒关系的个人（如酒精预期、酗酒家族史）、家庭（如配偶/伴侣支持度低）和工作场所（如主管/同事支持度低、工作场所政策可用性低）领域的风险因素；4)测试模型的性别和种族/民族等价性。本研究将通过以下方法解决现有研究的不足：1)使用照顾者的包容性定义，2)更详细地测量WFC， 3)测试WFC与饮酒关系的各种潜在调节因子，以及4)研究不同的样本。随机数字拨号电话筛选（基线）和邮件调查方法（基线，12个月，24个月）的组合将用于从不同城市社区抽取代表性样本进行三波面板研究（N=1,300）。数据将使用回归和结构方程模型进行分析。长期目标是：1)确定家庭和工作环境中可能导致采取干预措施以减少WFC和酒精问题的因素；2)影响与WFC相关的酒精问题的治疗；3)增加关于酒精滥用风险因素的知识体系。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study will test a comprehensive model of antecedents of work-family conflict (WFC) and processes whereby WFC is linked to alcohol use/misuse over time in employed people who are also unpaid caregivers of children, dependent adults, or frail elderly. Goals are to examine: 1) Antecedents of WFC in work (e.g., job stressors including workplace harassment, family-friendly policies), family/non-work (e.g., caregiver burden, life events, non-work harassment), and individual (i.e., negative affectivity) domains, and how these variables are related to directionality (i.e., work-to-family, family-to-work) and type (i.e., time-based, strain-based) of WFC; 2) The extent to which effects of WFC on individual (i.e., drinking patterns/problems, substance use), family (i.e., family conflict), and work (i.e., job satisfaction, turnover intent) outcomes are mediated by distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, burnout); 3) Risk factors in individual (i.e., alcohol expectancies, family history of alcoholism), family (e.g., low spouse/partner support), and workplace (i.e., low supervisor/coworker support, low usability of workplace policies) domains that may strengthen WFC-drinking relationships; and 4) To test the gender and racial/ethnic equivalence of the model. This study will address deficiencies of existing research by 1) using an inclusive definition of caregiver, 2) measuring WFC in greater detail, 3) testing a wide variety of potential moderators of WFC-drinking relationships, and 4) studying a diverse sample. A combination of random digit dial telephone screening (baseline) and mail survey methodology (baseline, 12 mo, 24 mo) will be used to conduct the 3-wave panel study (N=1,300) in a representative sample drawn from a diverse urban community. Data will be analyzed using regression and structural equation modeling. Long term objectives are to 1) identify factors in family and work environments that can lead to interventions to decrease WFC and alcohol problems, 2) impact treatment of WFC-associated alcohol problems, and 3) add to the body of knowledge on risk factors for alcohol abuse.