The Economics and Psychology of Self-Control

自我控制的经济学和心理学

• 批准号: 8318104
• 负责人: Angela L Duckworth
• 金额: $ 12.66万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-15 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8318104
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Accounting; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Aging; American Psychological Association; Area; Beginning of Life; Behavior; Categories; Child; Cognitive; Complex; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Consumption; Criminology; Data Set; Development; Dimensions; Economic Models; Economics; Elderly; Emotional; Employment; Environment; Future; Goals; Growth; Health; Impulsivity; Income; Individual; Intelligence; Interdisciplinary Study; Intervention; Investments; Knowledge; Language; Learning; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Literature; Longevity; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Methods; Modeling; Mortality Determinants; Outcome; Pennsylvania; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Personality Traits; Policies; Predisposition; Principal Investigator; Process; Productivity; Psychiatry; Psychologist; Psychology; Psychometrics; Psychopharmacology; Research; Research Activity; Role; Sampling; Savings; Schools; Self-control as a personality trait; Sociology; Staging; Structure; System; Taxonomy; Techniques; Time; Time Study; To specify; Training; Universities; Vision; Wages; Work; Youth; age related; analog; career; cognitive control; comparative; criminal behavior; developmental psychology; discount; end of life; experience; interest; model development; mortality; preference; professor; programs; psychologic; skills; social; stability testing; success; trait; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Angela Lee Duckworth is a full-time, tenure-track Assistant Professor of Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania. Her long-term career goal is to establish an interdisciplinary research program on self-control and other capacities that determine economic, social, and health outcomes across the life course. Dr. Duckworth seeks the support of a Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) to develop skills and knowledge in two areas in which she has no formal training: economics and aging. It is well-established that cognitive ability (i.e., intelligence) is a powerful determinant of mortality, years of schooling, savings behavior, criminal behavior, employment, income, and other important outcomes. There is more recent evidence that personality traits predict the same outcomes, even when controlling for cognitive ability. As yet, research in economics and psychology has failed to specify which personality traits, above others, causally determine outcomes. Identifying the capacities that matter most for success is essential for policy and intervention. Further, it is essential to understand how these capacities develop across the life course and their susceptibility to intervention and investment. The proposed research examines self-control, the capacity to override impulses in order to act in one's best recognized interests. Research from criminology, sociology, psychopharmacology, psychiatry, personality psychology, and developmental psychology suggests that the capacity of self-control is crucial to successful functioning in every domain of life. Moreover, self-control is the closest conceptual analogue to the economic construct of time preference, the discount placed on future utility as a function of the delay to its consumption. Training in economics and aging will enable the applicant to accomplish the following specific research aims: (1) Develop a multi-dimensional measurement system linking self-control and time preference; (2) Establish the causal role of self-control and other capacities for economic, social, and health outcomes across the life course; and (3) Develop a model of the development of self-control across the life course. In prior research, the applicant has related self-control to academic achievement in youth. The proposed KOI significantly extends this work in terms of scope and methodological approach. Self-control enables people to do what they want and know they should do. The proposed didactic and research activities marry the approaches of economics and psychology to advance understanding of the causal role, life course development, and measurement of this crucial capacity.

简介（由申请人提供）：安吉拉·李·达克沃斯是宾夕法尼亚大学心理学全职终身助理教授。她的长期职业目标是建立一个跨学科的研究项目，研究自我控制和其他决定生命过程中经济、社会和健康结果的能力。Duckworth博士寻求指导研究科学家发展奖（K01）的支持，以发展她没有接受过正式培训的两个领域的技能和知识：经济学和老龄化。众所周知，认知能力（即智力）是死亡率、受教育年限、储蓄行为、犯罪行为、就业、收入和其他重要结果的强大决定因素。最近有更多的证据表明，即使在控制认知能力的情况下，性格特征也能预测同样的结果。到目前为止，经济学和心理学的研究还未能明确指出，哪些人格特质比其他特质更能在因果关系上决定结果。确定对成功最重要的能力对于政策和干预至关重要。此外，必须了解这些能力在整个生命过程中如何发展，以及它们对干预和投资的易感性。拟议中的研究考察了自我控制能力，即克服冲动以实现个人最佳公认利益的能力。来自犯罪学、社会学、精神药理学、精神病学、人格心理学和发展心理学的研究表明，自我控制能力在生活的各个领域都是成功运作的关键。此外，自我控制是与时间偏好的经济结构最接近的概念类比，时间偏好是对未来效用的折扣，作为其消费延迟的函数。经济学和老龄化方面的培训将使申请人能够完成以下具体的研究目标：(1)建立一个连接自我控制和时间偏好的多维测量系统；(2)确立自我控制和其他能力在整个生命过程中对经济、社会和健康结果的因果作用；(3)建立一个贯穿生命历程的自我控制发展模型。在先前的研究中，申请人有自我控制与青少年学业成绩的关系。拟议的KOI在范围和方法方法方面大大扩展了这项工作。自我控制使人们能够做他们想做的事，并知道他们应该做什么。拟议的教学和研究活动结合了经济学和心理学的方法，以促进对因果作用、生命历程发展和衡量这一关键能力的理解。