Healthy Passages

描述（由申请人提供）：心血管疾病和癌症等终生流行的慢性疾病起源于儿童晚期和青春期建立的行为。同样，过早开始使用酒精和其他物质以及过早的性行为可能会增加艾滋病毒和性传播感染等慢性疾病的风险，并可能导致少女怀孕（DiClemente，1996年），以及辍学和犯罪等不良社会后果。Windle等人（2004年）指出：“人们普遍认为，青春期出现的健康相关行为是儿童早期在家庭、学校和社区中的经历所预示的。“很少有研究来确定和追踪青春期前的这些多重影响，或者研究种族和民族差异在这些行为发展中的重要性。健康通道（HP）旨在通过提供有关广泛结果的信息和一组全面的多层次因素来促进儿童和青少年健康的研究文献，这些因素可作为健康风险和保护行为随时间推移的发生，维持和变化的预测因素。此外，惠普提供两年一次的深入评估超过十年（从五年级开始），以提供所需的数据来描述对青少年健康行为和健康和教育成果的主要影响。HP的总体目标是为有效的政策和干预方案提供经验基础，以促进青少年和成人的健康和最佳发展。这项研究有两个主要目标。第一个目标是表征发展轨迹和重要的多层次风险和保护因素对健康行为的相对贡献。第二个目标是阐明多层次的风险和保护因素，这些因素会导致种族/民族、性别和社会经济地位在健康、教育和社会结果方面的差异（Levanthal，2000; Lowry，1996; Starfield，2002）。HP包括广泛的决定因素和健康风险和保护行为。通过了解决定因素，我们能够更好地制定与2010年健康人目标相关的干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Prevalent chronic diseases across the lifespan such as cardiovascular disease and cancer have their origins in behaviors established during late childhood and adolescence. Likewise, early initiation of using alcohol and other substances and early sexual behaviors may contribute to increased risks for chronic conditions such as HIV and STIs and can lead to teen pregnancy (DiClemente, 1996), as well as adverse social outcomes such as dropping out of school and delinquency. Windle et al (2004) state that "It is widely recognized that health-related behaviors that unfold in adolescence are foreshadowed by children's earlier experiences in the family, school, and community." Little research has been done to identify and trace these multiple influences during the pre-adolescent period or to examine the importance of racial and ethnic differences in the way these behaviors develop. Healthy Passages (HP) was designed to advance the research literature on child and adolescent health by providing information on a broad range of outcomes and a comprehensive, multilevel set of factors to function as predictors of the occurrence, maintenance, and change of health risk and protective behaviors across time. In addition, HP provides biennial in-depth assessment over ten years (beginning in fifth grade) to provide data needed to characterize the primary influences on adolescent health behaviors and health and educational outcomes. The overarching objective of HP is to provide an empirical basis for effective policies and intervention programs to promote the health and optimal development of adolescents and adults. The study has two major goals. The first goal is the characterization of developmental trajectories and the relative contribution of important multilevel risk and protective factors on health behaviors. The second goal is elucidation of multilevel risk and protective factors that contribute to disparities in health, educational, and social outcomes by race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status (Levanthal, 2000; Lowry, 1996; Starfield, 2002). HP includes a broad range of determinants and health risk and protective behaviors. By understanding determinants, we are better able to develop interventions related to many of the Healthy People 2010 objectives.