Healthy Passages

描述（由申请人提供）：一生中常见的慢性疾病，如心血管疾病和癌症，其起源与儿童晚期和青少年时期建立的行为有关。同样，过早开始使用酒精和其他物质以及过早发生性行为可能会增加患艾滋病毒和性传播感染等慢性疾病的风险，并可能导致少女怀孕（DiClemente， 1996年），以及不良的社会后果，如辍学和犯罪。Windle等人（2004）指出：“人们普遍认为，儿童在家庭、学校和社区的早期经历预示着青春期出现的与健康相关的行为。”很少有研究确定和追踪青春期前的这些多重影响，也很少有研究检查种族和民族差异在这些行为发展方式中的重要性。健康通道（HP）旨在通过提供关于广泛结果的信息和一套全面的、多层次的因素来预测健康风险和保护行为的发生、维持和变化，从而促进儿童和青少年健康的研究文献。此外，HP提供十年（从五年级开始）两年一次的深入评估，以提供描述对青少年健康行为以及健康和教育成果的主要影响所需的数据。HP的首要目标是为有效的政策和干预方案提供经验基础，以促进青少年和成人的健康和最佳发展。这项研究有两个主要目标。第一个目标是发育轨迹的特征和重要的多层次风险和保护因素对健康行为的相对贡献。第二个目标是阐明造成不同种族/民族、性别和社会经济地位在健康、教育和社会结果方面存在差异的多重风险和保护因素（Levanthal， 2000年；Lowry， 1996年；Starfield， 2002年）。HP包括范围广泛的决定因素、健康风险和保护行为。通过了解决定因素，我们能够更好地制定与“2010年健康人”的许多目标相关的干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Prevalent chronic diseases across the lifespan such as cardiovascular disease and cancer have their origins in behaviors established during late childhood and adolescence. Likewise, early initiation of using alcohol and other substances and early sexual behaviors may contribute to increased risks for chronic conditions such as HIV and STIs and can lead to teen pregnancy (DiClemente, 1996), as well as adverse social outcomes such as dropping out of school and delinquency. Windle et al (2004) state that "It is widely recognized that health-related behaviors that unfold in adolescence are foreshadowed by children's earlier experiences in the family, school, and community." Little research has been done to identify and trace these multiple influences during the pre-adolescent period or to examine the importance of racial and ethnic differences in the way these behaviors develop. Healthy Passages (HP) was designed to advance the research literature on child and adolescent health by providing information on a broad range of outcomes and a comprehensive, multilevel set of factors to function as predictors of the occurrence, maintenance, and change of health risk and protective behaviors across time. In addition, HP provides biennial in-depth assessment over ten years (beginning in fifth grade) to provide data needed to characterize the primary influences on adolescent health behaviors and health and educational outcomes. The overarching objective of HP is to provide an empirical basis for effective policies and intervention programs to promote the health and optimal development of adolescents and adults. The study has two major goals. The first goal is the characterization of developmental trajectories and the relative contribution of important multilevel risk and protective factors on health behaviors. The second goal is elucidation of multilevel risk and protective factors that contribute to disparities in health, educational, and social outcomes by race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status (Levanthal, 2000; Lowry, 1996; Starfield, 2002). HP includes a broad range of determinants and health risk and protective behaviors. By understanding determinants, we are better able to develop interventions related to many of the Healthy People 2010 objectives.