Short-term cognitive change in adults from 18 to 80

拟议的研究将调查各种认知的短期纵向变化， 变量，特别强调60岁以下的成年人。尽管之前的研究发现 在涉及年轻人和中年人的纵向比较中， 将采用两种方法的创新，可变的重新测试间隔和测量突发在每个 这将使年龄效应与重新测试效应区分开来，并将增加年龄效应的敏感性。 通过考虑性能的正常短期变化来检测变化。 需要研究的主要问题之一是，与年龄相关的认知变化是否在早期就开始了， 成年后，不同认知变量的变化是否相互独立， 所以在成年的不同时期， 生活方式在成年期的不同阶段调节不同认知能力的年龄变化量。 超过700名年龄在18岁到89岁之间的成年人完成了同样的13项认知测试， 2001年、2002年和2003年将被邀请参加该项目，并将邀请两个新的样本，每个样本300名成年人。 大多数参与者将在一段时间内进行三次测量突发设计评估 在项目的第一年或第二年，以及第三年、第四年或第四年， 项目的第五年。将使用混合效应模型获得年龄估计值，并进行复检。 每个参与者的变化组成部分，这些估计将根据其 彼此之间的相关性，以及与各种个体差异特征的相关性。

The proposed research will investigate short-term longitudinal change in a broad variety of cognitive variables, with particular emphasis on adults under the age of 60. Although previous studies have found little or no cognitive change in longitudinal comparisons involving young and middle-aged adults, this research will employ two methodological innovations, variable retest intervals and measurement bursts at each occasion, that will allow age effects to be distinguished from retest effects, and will increase sensitivity in the detection of change by taking into account normal short-term variability in performance. Among the primary questions to be investigated are whether age-related cognitive change begins early in adulthood, whether the changes in different cognitive variables are independent of one another and equally so at different periods in adulthood, and the degree to which factors such as one's cognitive or physical lifestyle moderate the amount of age change in different cognitive abilities at various periods in adulthood. Over 700 adults between 18 and 89 years of age who completed the same battery of 13 cognitive tests in 2001, 2002, and 2003 will be invited to participate in the project, as will two new samples of 300 adults each. Most of the participants will be assessed with a measurement burst design of three sessions within a period of about two weeks in either the first or second year of the project, and again in the either the third, fourth, or fifth year of the project. Mixed effects models will be used to obtain estimates of the age and retest components of change for each participant, and these estimates will be examined in terms of their correlations with one another, and with various individual difference characteristics.