A Multi-Component Approach to Extinction in Pavlovian Learning

巴甫洛夫学习中消除灭绝的多成分方法

• 批准号: 8475574
• 负责人: Andrew Delamater
• 金额: $ 37.68万
• 依托单位: BROOKLYN COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8475574
• 关键词: Adopted; Animal Model; Association Learning; Aversive Stimulus; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Chemicals; Code; Cognitive; Communities; Cues; Data; Development; Dimensions; Discipline; Disease; Doctor of Philosophy; Eating Disorders; Emotional; Environment; Extinction (Psychology); Fright; Funding; Future; Gambling; Goals; Grant; Human; Immune; Journals; Learning; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Nature; Performance; Phobic anxiety disorder; Positioning Attribute; Postdoctoral Fellow; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychopathology; Rattus norvegicus; Recording of previous events; Recovery; Relapse; Research; Reversal Learning; Rewards; Rodent Model; Secure; Sensory; Staging; Stimulus; Substance abuse problem; System; Testing; Therapeutic; Training; Work; addiction; aversive conditioning; base; classical conditioning; conditioning; design; learned behavior; learning extinction; neural circuit; neuromechanism; novel strategies; programs; psychologic; relating to nervous system; research study; response; treatment effect; treatment strategy

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The research proposed here will examine the psychological mechanisms involved in the elimination of unwanted learned behaviors. Specifically, the behavioral phenomenon of extinction will be examined from the perspective of a multi-component model of Pavlovian learning. Its long-range goal is to identify conditions under which extinction treatments may be expected to have durable effects on responding, and to provide a more complete understanding of extinction processes. One basic premise is that extinction treatments may have distinct effects on different components of Pavlovian learning (e.g., its more "cognitive" or "emotional/motivational" components). The present research will investigate this by using methods that dissect learning into its separate cognitive and emotional/motivational components in order to separately examine extinction effects on these distinct components. The research approach will be to use a rodent model (Rattus norvegicus) performing in an appetitive learning paradigm (magazine approach conditioning) because this paradigm has been used successfully to study the multiple components of Pavlovian learning to be dissected here. The results will be relevant to mental health concerns because this research will establish when extinction treatments may result in durable response loss, and, more generally, will point to the need to look at extinction treatment effects on different (e.g., cogniive and emotional) aspects of learned behavior. The research will explore 4 specific aims. Based on preliminary findings, Specific Aim 1 will test the hypothesis that stimuli given limited training o that have been "compromised" in some fashion will be especially vulnerable to extinction. It is anticipated that cognitively based learning (i.e., control by sensory- specific associations) will e undermined by extinction applied to these vulnerable stimuli. Specific Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that extinction after limited training is durable. If so, reduced control by sensory-specific associations should fail to recover in various situations designed to promote such recovery (i.e., spontaneous recovery, reinstatement, renewal, and reversal learning). Specific Aim 3 will directly test whether extinction undermines emotionally based learning more rapidly than it does cognitively based learning. This result will point to the importance of monitoring separate components of learning in assessing extinction. Specific Aim 4 will begin an exploration of one basic mechanism proposed to explain extinction, negative prediction errors. This will be examined by exploring the hypothesis that prediction errors are coded in a general "emotional" value currency. The idea will be tested by combining appetitive and aversively trained cues during extinction to determine if their summative effects predict the overall impact of extinction. Overall, the results from these studies will have important theoretical and therapeutic implications by emphasizing the need to assess multiple response systems in extinction and by determining when extinction may or may not be expected to work.

描述（由申请人提供）：这里提出的研究将检查消除不必要的学习行为的心理机制。具体而言，灭绝的行为现象将从巴甫洛夫学习的多成分模型的角度进行研究。其长期目标是确定灭绝治疗可能对响应产生持久影响的条件，并提供对灭绝过程的更全面了解。一个基本的前提是，灭绝处理可能对巴甫洛夫学习的不同组成部分有不同的影响（例如，其更多的“认知”或“情感/动机”成分）。本研究将通过使用将学习分解为独立的认知和情感/动机成分的方法来研究这一点，以便分别研究对这些不同成分的灭绝效应。研究方法将使用啮齿动物模型（褐家鼠）在食欲学习范式（杂志方法条件反射），因为这种范式已成功地用于研究巴甫洛夫学习的多个组成部分，在这里进行解剖。这些结果将与心理健康问题有关，因为这项研究将确定何时消退治疗可能导致持久的反应丧失，并且更普遍地说，将指出需要研究消退治疗对不同疾病的影响（例如，认知和情感）方面的学习行为。本研究将探讨四个具体目标。基于初步的研究结果，具体目标1将测试假设，即刺激给予有限的培训或已被“妥协”，以某种方式将特别容易灭绝。预计基于认知的学习（即，通过感官特定的联想控制）将被施加到这些脆弱的刺激上的灭绝所破坏。具体目标2将检验有限训练后的灭绝是持久的这一假设。如果是这样的话，在各种旨在促进这种恢复的情况下（即，自发恢复、恢复、更新和反向学习）。具体目标3将直接测试灭绝是否会比认知学习更快地破坏基于情感的学习。这一结果将指出在评估灭绝时监测学习的单独组成部分的重要性。具体目标4将开始探索一个基本机制，提出来解释灭绝，负预测误差。这将通过探索预测误差被编码在一个一般的“情感”价值货币的假设来检验。这个想法将通过结合灭绝过程中的食欲和厌恶训练线索来测试，以确定它们的总结效应是否预测灭绝的整体影响。总的来说，这些研究的结果将具有重要的理论和治疗意义，强调需要评估多种反应系统的灭绝，并确定何时灭绝可能或可能不工作。