Community Structure and the Epidemiology of Hantavirus in Southern Chile

智利南部汉坦病毒的群落结构和流行病学

• 批准号: 8384953
• 负责人: Claudia Munoz-Zanzi
• 金额: $ 6.99万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8384953
• 关键词: Aerosols; Affect; Am 580; Americas; Animals; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Breathing; Bunyaviridae; Cardiopulmonary; Case Fatality Rates; Case Study; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Child; Chile; Communities; Community based prevention; Country; Data; Data Analyses; Deer Mouse; Development; Disease; Ecology; Economic Conditions; Elements; Environment; Epidemiology; Family; Farming environment; Forestry; Genetic; Goals; Grant; Hantavirus; Hantavirus Infections; Health; Health system; Healthcare; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome; Household; Human; Incidence; Infection; Infection Control; Intervention; Knowledge; Latin America; Leptospira; Leptospirosis; Life; Maintenance; Maps; Mission; Modeling; Occupational Exposure; Occupations; Outcome; Pattern; Population; Prevalence; Prevention program; Public Health; Recommendation; Research; Research Methodology; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Rodent; Rural; Sampling; Southwestern United States; Structure; Surveys; Syndrome; Testing; United States National Institutes of Health; Vaccines; Virus; Virus Diseases; Visit; Work; Zoonoses; Zoonotic Infection; anthropogenesis; effective intervention; effective therapy; environmental change; field study; human disease; improved; infected vector rodent; land use; programs; risk perception; rural area; sample collection; socioeconomics; transmission process

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Hantavirus infection is a significant global public health problem that can manifest as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) with case-fatality rate of 12% or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) with case-fatality rate of up to 60%. Due to the often severe disease and absence of vaccines or specific treatment, effective community-based prevention programs in endemic areas are critical. As a rodent-borne infection, transmission has been associated with occupational exposure, visiting rural areas, and domestic activities. However, information is still lacking on how the human element, specifically, how specific behaviors, perception of risk, and living conditions, as well as small-scale landscape composition influence infection. This information will enhance current interventions and prospects for control. The long term goal of our research program is to elucidate the mechanisms associated with the emergence and maintenance of zoonosis, as well as the most effective options for control. This research will be done as an extension of NSF-EID Grant No. 0913570 entitled "Eco-epidemiology of Leptospirosis in Latin America: Understanding the Dynamics of Transmission within a Community". The Objective of the study proposed here is to improve the knowledge on the combined effects of sociological and ecological factors on hantavirus occurrence. The Objective will be accomplished by pursuing the following Specific Aims: 1) To identify and quantify the socio-ecological elements that regulate the epidemiology of endemic hantavirus infection in different community types, and 2) To identify the determinants of spatial patterns of hantavirus infection in different community types. The proposed study will take advantage of the extensive field work and effort that is being done for the existing NSF grant including collection of samples and data from the field studies in three types of socio-ecologically distinct communities and will quantify the risk of human infection, while taking into consideration environmental and socio-economic conditions unique to each household. Expected outcomes include a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental sociological and environmental drivers of transmission risk and improved knowledge of the importance of infection at the household level and in non-traditional risk groups. This information is critical t advance the field of hantavirus research and promotion of risk behavioral change. Results will be largely applicable to prevention programs in the U.S. and other countries. This proposal contributes to the NIH mission by providing recommendations for control of an infection that presents a significant public health threat. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Hanta-virus infection is a significant public health problem globally because of the widespread distribution and often high fatality rate. This proposed study will contribute to the understanding of the ecological and sociological drivers of transmission and provide improved information for development of public health interventions. This proposal also contributes to the NIH mission by providing recommendations for control of an important human disease of animal origin.

描述（由申请人提供）：汉塔病毒感染是一个重大的全球公共卫生问题，可以表现为肾脏综合征（HFRS）的出血热，病例效率为12％或汉塔病毒心肺综合征（HCP），病例效率为最高60％。由于通常严重的疾病和缺乏疫苗或特定治疗，在地方性地区有效的基于社区的预防计划至关重要。作为啮齿动物传播的感染，传播与职业曝光，参观农村地区和家庭活动有关。但是，关于人类因素，特别是特定行为，对风险和生活条件的感知以及小规模景观组成如何影响感染的信息仍然缺乏信息。此信息将增强当前干预措施和控制前景。我们的研究计划的长期目标是阐明与人畜共患病的出现和维持相关的机制，以及最有效的控制选择。这项研究将作为NSF-EID赠款编号0913570的延伸，标题为“拉丁美洲的钩端螺旋体病生态 - 流行病学：了解社区内传播的动态”。此处提出的研究的目的是提高社会学和生态因素对汉坦病毒发生的综合影响的知识。该目标将通过追求以下特定目的来实现：1）确定和量化不同社区类型中流行汉塔病毒感染的流行病学的社会生态因素，以及2）确定汉塔病毒感染空间模式的决定因素。拟议的研究将利用现有的NSF赠款所做的广泛的现场工作和努力，包括收集三种类型的社会生态上不同社区的样本和数据，并将量化人类感染的风险，同时考虑到每个家庭独有的环境环境和社会经济条件。预期的结果包括对传播风险的基本社会学和环境驱动因素的全面了解，并提高了对家庭一级和非传统风险群体感染重要性的了解。这些信息至关重要，t促进了汉塔病毒研究和促进风险行为改变的领域。结果将主要适用于美国和其他国家的预防计划。该提议通过提供控制构成重大公共卫生威胁的感染的建议来为NIH任务做出了贡献。 公共卫生相关性：Hanta-Virus感染在全球范围内是一个重大的公共卫生问题，因为分布广泛并且往往是高死亡率。这项拟议的研究将有助于理解传播的生态和社会学驱动因素，并为开发公共卫生干预提供改进的信息。该建议还通过提供控制重要人类疾病的动物来源的建议来促进NIH任务。