TLR and Notch Ligand in RSV-induced Disease

婴儿呼吸道病毒感染可对呼吸道产生严重破坏性影响 功能，但也可能影响肺的长期功能，在这两个孩子， 成年人了最常见的呼吸道感染是主要原因， 儿童住院（>90%）是呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染。的 启动适当的抗病毒反应是成功清除这种病毒的必要条件。 病原体，病理生理反应最小。在本提案中，我们将重点 对RSV感染的最早免疫应答，涉及Toll的初始激活， 树突状细胞（DC）上的类受体（TLR），然后上调重要的 启动获得性免疫反应的指导性信号。最近的调查结果表明， 确定notch/notch配体诱导的激活对激活具有深远的作用， 和成熟T细胞的分化。树突状细胞上特异性notch配体的上调 是MyD 88依赖性的，并提供了成熟T细胞分化的关键步骤。 然而，关于Notch/notch配体激活途径在肿瘤细胞中的作用知之甚少。 在病毒感染期间产生有效的免疫应答。我们假设 这个proproprosal是TLR介导的notch配体δ样4是必需的， 启动适当的免疫反应，而没有RSV感染 变得更具致病性并导致免疫环境改变。这些 研究将具体解决几个新的机械问题， 通过3个具体目标，1）确定关键TLR诱导的DC激活 RSV感染过程中的抗病毒指导信号的途径; 2）确定δ- Like 4在RSV诱导的免疫应答和肺病理学的发展中的作用; 3)确定浆细胞样与常规DC群体的差异作用， RSV感染中δ-样4的表达和T细胞活化。综合这些 个别的具体目标，这些目标彼此独立，但显然是一体化的， 每一个都符合我们的假设我们将调查这些观察结果 机械地使用基因敲除小鼠中的研究组合， 中和抗体，以及与DC和T淋巴细胞一起的细胞转移实验沿着 隔离使用特定的新型试剂和先进的技术将使我们的 高度整合的调查人员小组专门针对这些机制， 逻辑翻译方式

Respiratory viral infections in infants can have devastating effects acutely on airway function, but may also impact the longterm function of the lung in both children and adults. The most common respiratory infection that is the predominant cause of hospitalization in children (>90%) is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The initiation of the proper anti-viral responses are mandatory for successfully clearing this pathogen with minimal pathophysiologic responses. In the present proposal we will focus on the earliest immune responses to RSV infection involving the initial activation of toll- like receptors (TLRs) on dendritic cells (DCs) followed by the upregulation of important instructive signals that initiate the acquired immune responses. Recent findings have identified that notch/notch ligand induced activation has a profound role on the activation and differentiation of mature T cells. The upregulation of specific notch ligands on DCs is MyD88-dependent and provides a critical step in mature T cell differentiation. However, little is known about the role of Notch/notch ligand activation pathways for the generation of effective immune responses during virus infections. Our hypothesis for this proprosal is that TLR-mediated notch ligand delta-like 4 is required for the initiation of the appropriate immune response, and without it RSV infection becomes more pathogenic and results in an altered immune environment. These studies will specifically address several novel mechanistic questions by progressing through 3 specific aims that will 1) determine the critical TLR-induced DC activation pathway during RSV infection for anti-viral instructive signals; 2) identify the role of delta- like 4 in the development of RSV-induced immune responses and pulmonary pathology; 3) determine the differential role of plasmacytoid versus conventional DC populations for the expression of delta-like 4 and T cell activation in RSV infection. Together these individual specific aims, which are independent of one another yet clearly integrated, will each address our overall hypothesis. We will investigate these observations mechanistically using a combination of studies in gene knockout mice, specific neutralizing antibodies, and cell transfer experiments along with DC and T lymphocyte isolation. The use of specific novel reagents and advanced techniques will allow our highly integrated group of investigators to specifically target these mechanisms in a logical translational manner.