Foamy virus zoonotic transmission from New World Monkeys

描述(申请人提供)：猴泡沫病毒(SFV)是一种复杂的逆转录病毒，在迄今为止检查的所有非人类灵长类动物(NHP)中都发现了这种病毒。东半球猴子和猿类的SFV已被发现通过人畜传播给人类，可能是通过唾液。尽管SFV在自然NHP宿主中显然是非致病性的，但尚未鉴定和分析足够数量的SFV感染者，以确定SFV感染的影响。在慢病毒的情况下，也是复杂的逆转录病毒，感染自然宿主不是致病的，但重组导致了HIV-1，在人类中具有高致病性。目前还没有关于重组SFV在NHP或人类中存在的出版物。到目前为止，似乎没有任何与东半球NHP SFV感染人类有关的病理。目前还没有关于人类感染新世界NHP SFV的研究。我们已经从参加美国灵长类学会会议的美国灵长类动物学家那里获得了样本。这些人曾接触到大量原产于不同地点的旧大陆和新大陆NHP，接触往往包括咬伤和其他导致唾液转移的灵长类行为。仅基于血清学分析的初步数据表明，这些人中感染新世界NHP SFV的比例异常高。这项提议中的实验将确认这些人确实感染了新世界SFV，在感染了不止一种SFV基因的个人中搜索重组病毒，并跟踪检查随着时间的推移对人类的SFV感染。主要技术将是在Gag和Poll中使用特定引物的聚合酶链式反应和逆转录聚合酶链式反应，以及使用敏感的组织培养细胞从人类样本中分离SFV。这些研究将大大增加对人畜共患猿猴泡沫病毒感染的认识。 与公共卫生的相关性：直到人类流行病开始很久之后才确定艾滋病毒-1的来源。泡沫病毒在猴子和类人猿中随处可见，并可能通过唾液传播给人类。这项研究的目标是在这种病毒可能成为公共卫生问题之前，研究泡沫病毒对人类的传播，专注于以前没有研究过的新世界猴子泡沫病毒的传播。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Simian foamy viruses (SFV) are complex retrovirus that are found in all nonhuman primates (NHP) examined to date. SFV from Old World monkeys and apes has been found to be zoonotically transmitted to humans, probably through saliva. Although SFV is apparently non pathogenic in natural NHP hosts, insufficient numbers of SFV infected humans have been identified and analyzed to definitely know the effects, if any, of SFV infection. In the case of lentiviruses, also complex retroviruses, infection of natural hosts is not pathogenic, but recombination has led to HIV-1, highly pathogenic in humans. There are no publications dealing with the presence of recombinant SFV in NHP or humans. Thus far, there does not appear to be any pathology associated with Old World NHP SFV infection of humans. There have been no studies of humans infected with New World NHP SFV. We have obtained samples from American primatologists attending the American Society of Primatologists meeting. These individuals have been exposed to a large number of Old and New World NHP native to different locations, and exposure often includes bites and other primate behaviors leading to saliva transfer. Preliminary data, based only on serological analysis, suggest that an unusually large proportion of these individuals are infected with New World NHP SFV. Experiments in this proposal will confirm that these individuals are indeed infected with New World SFV, search for recombinant viruses in individuals infected with more than one SFV genotype, and follow up to examine SFV infection of humans over time. The primary techniques will be PCR and RT-PCR using specific primers in gag and pol, and isolation of SFV from human samples using susceptible tissue culture cells. These studies will greatly increase knowledge of zoonotic infection of humans by simian foamy viruses. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The origin of HIV-1 was not determined until long after the human epidemic began. Foamy viruses are ubiquitious in monkeys and apes and are zoonotically transmitted to humans, presumably through saliva. The goal of this research is to study transmission of foamy viruses to humans, before this virus might become a public health problem, concentrating on New World monkey foamy viruses, whose transmission has not been previously studied.