Foamy virus zoonotic transmission from New World Monkeys

描述（由申请方提供）：猴泡沫病毒（SFV）是一种复杂的逆转录病毒，在迄今为止检查的所有非人灵长类动物（NHP）中均发现。来自旧大陆猴子和猿的SFV被发现可能通过唾液传染给人类。虽然SFV在自然NHP宿主中显然是非致病性的，但已鉴定和分析的SFV感染的人类数量不足，无法明确了解SFV感染的影响（如果有的话）。在慢病毒的情况下，也是复杂的逆转录病毒，自然宿主的感染是不致病的，但重组导致了HIV-1，在人类中具有高致病性。没有关于NHP或人体中存在重组SFV的出版物。到目前为止，似乎没有任何病理与旧世界NHP SFV感染的人。目前还没有研究人类感染新世界NHP SFV。我们从参加美国灵长类动物学会会议的美国灵长类动物学家那里获得了样本。这些人已经暴露于大量的旧世界和新世界的NHP原产于不同的地点，暴露往往包括咬伤和其他灵长类动物的行为，导致唾液转移。仅基于血清学分析的初步数据表明，这些个体中异常大的比例感染了新世界NHP SFV。本提案中的实验将确认这些个体确实感染了新世界SFV，在感染了一种以上SFV基因型的个体中寻找重组病毒，并随访检查SFV感染人类的时间。主要的技术将是PCR和RT-PCR，使用特异性引物在gag和pol，和分离SFV从人类样本中使用敏感的组织培养细胞。这些研究将大大增加对猴泡沫病毒感染人类的人畜共患病的认识。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Simian foamy viruses (SFV) are complex retrovirus that are found in all nonhuman primates (NHP) examined to date. SFV from Old World monkeys and apes has been found to be zoonotically transmitted to humans, probably through saliva. Although SFV is apparently non pathogenic in natural NHP hosts, insufficient numbers of SFV infected humans have been identified and analyzed to definitely know the effects, if any, of SFV infection. In the case of lentiviruses, also complex retroviruses, infection of natural hosts is not pathogenic, but recombination has led to HIV-1, highly pathogenic in humans. There are no publications dealing with the presence of recombinant SFV in NHP or humans. Thus far, there does not appear to be any pathology associated with Old World NHP SFV infection of humans. There have been no studies of humans infected with New World NHP SFV. We have obtained samples from American primatologists attending the American Society of Primatologists meeting. These individuals have been exposed to a large number of Old and New World NHP native to different locations, and exposure often includes bites and other primate behaviors leading to saliva transfer. Preliminary data, based only on serological analysis, suggest that an unusually large proportion of these individuals are infected with New World NHP SFV. Experiments in this proposal will confirm that these individuals are indeed infected with New World SFV, search for recombinant viruses in individuals infected with more than one SFV genotype, and follow up to examine SFV infection of humans over time. The primary techniques will be PCR and RT-PCR using specific primers in gag and pol, and isolation of SFV from human samples using susceptible tissue culture cells. These studies will greatly increase knowledge of zoonotic infection of humans by simian foamy viruses.