Comprehensive Sun Protection in Recreation: An Advanced Go Sun Smart Program

休闲中的全面防晒：先进的 Go Sun 智能计划

• 批准号: 8235782
• 负责人: Peter Alex Andersen
• 金额: $ 56.72万
• 依托单位: SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-03 至 2016-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8235782
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Alcohol abuse; Altitude; American; Area; Attention; Behavior; Boxing; Clothing; Colorado; Communities; Consent; Cues; Data Collection; Dose; Educational process of instructing; Electronic Mail; Employee; Enrollment; Ensure; Environment; Epidemic; Experimental Designs; Exposure to; Health; Health Promotion; Health behavior; Hour; Incidence; Income; Intercept; International; Intervention; Kentucky; Knowledge; Link; Marketing; Measures; National Health Interview Survey; North America; North Carolina; Ohio; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Participant; Population; Preventive; Procedures; Production; Protective Clothing; Public Health; Publications; Radiation; Randomized; Reapplication; Recreation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resort; Risk; Risk Factors; Safety; Sales; Sampling; Seasons; Site; Skiing; Skin Cancer; Skin Carcinoma; Social Class; Substance abuse problem; Sun Exposure; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents; Surveys; Techniques; Testing; The Sun; Time; Training; Translations; Transportation; UV Radiation Exposure; Ultraviolet Rays; Universities; Variant; Visit; Weather; Work; base; design; efficacy testing; experience; high risk; improved; innovation; melanoma; member; next generation; novel strategies; optimism; post intervention; prevent; primary outcome; programs; public health relevance; randomized trial; response; secondary outcome; sex; skin cancer prevention; sun protection; theories; web site

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Advanced Go Sun Smart (GSS) Program will develop and test the efficacy of a comprehensive, innovative sun safety approach. Advanced GSS is a paradigm shift that augments existing sun safety approaches with a new strategy using narrative persuasive messages based on Transportation Theory (TT) and targeting comprehensive sun protection behaviors. Despite progress, the skin cancer epidemic is rising in the U.S. A new approach is needed. Over the past 10 years, our team has implemented and evaluated the successful Go Sun Smart (GSS) program at over 350 ski areas in North America targeted primarily at employees, resulting in 11 publications. In this revised application, two experts in TT and narrative messages, including TT's inventor, join our team. Despite GSS and other campaigns, most adults irregularly use sunscreen, do not apply it half- hour before sun exposure, fail to reapply it after two hours, do not wear wide-brimmed hats or protective clothing, do not use shade, and do not accurately estimate ultraviolet radiation (UV) levels. The Advanced GSS augments past campaigns with TT-based messages to alter adults' vacation narratives to include sun safety. Vacation schemas contain disinhibited, fun, carefree narratives that we will supplement with sun safety messages delivered in emails, web sites, graphic stories, and other materials intended to embed sun safety in vacationers' narratives. Advanced GSS will target next-generation sun safety behaviors promoting sufficient sunscreen application half-hour prior to UV exposure and reapplication, use of shade, wide-brimmed hats and protective clothing, and simple ways to assess dangerous UV levels. Advanced GSS extends our winter high- altitude GSS to spring/ summer environments when UV is highest. Using a pretest-posttest, group-randomized controlled design, we will test the efficacy of Advanced GSS at 40 pair-matched US hotels and resorts randomly selected from strata based on room rack rate and region. Eligible hotels and resorts will be members of our partner associations, The American Hotel and Lodging Association and Hospitality Sales and Marketing Association International. Participating hotels/resorts will be divided into three waves over three experimental years. Project staff will send, link, distribute, and post intervention materials at 20 intervention hotels/resorts working with a key contact manager, as in the original GSS trials. Research assistants (RAs), trained in data collection procedures, will conduct intercept surveys (which had an 88% response rate in a pilot test for this resubmission) with 95 visitors in each hotel/resort at pretest and posttest in the spring and summer in proximity to the summer solstice, the time of year with the highest UV. Primary outcome measures in these surveys are reports of current sun protection (i.e., use of SPF 15+ sunscreen, pre-application and reapplication) and observation of hat, clothing, and shade use. RAs also will make daily observations of sun protection behavior by visitors at the hotels/resorts as secondary outcome measures. Since most Americans of all ethnic and income groups recreate outdoors on vacation, the results should be generalizable to the US population. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This application addresses the epidemic of skin cancer by testing advanced Transportation Theory-based messages to create sun safety vacation narratives for outdoor recreation. Many Americans routinely receive extreme doses of unprotected sun exposure and often intentionally seek a sun tan while on vacation, substantially elevating their risk for developing skin cancer. An advanced sun protection program will be evaluated in a randomized trial at 40 US hotels and resorts where visitors' comprehensive sun protection (early application and re-application of sunscreen, use of wide-brimmed hats, protective clothing, and shade, and attention to reliable environmental indicators of high UV) will be assessed through surveys and observations.

描述（由申请人提供）：Advanced Go Sun Smart (GSS) 计划将开发并测试全面、创新的阳光安全方法的有效性。高级 GSS 是一种范式转变，它通过使用基于运输理论 (TT) 的叙事说服性信息并针对全面防晒行为的新策略来增强现有的防晒安全方法。尽管取得了进展，但美国的皮肤癌流行率仍在上升，需要一种新的方法。在过去 10 年里，我们的团队在北美 350 多个滑雪场实施并评估了成功的 Go Sun Smart (GSS) 计划，主要针对员工，并出版了 11 份出版物。在这个修改后的应用程序中，两位 TT 和叙事信息方面的专家（包括 TT 的发明者）加入了我们的团队。尽管开展了 GSS 和其他活动，但大多数成年人仍不定期使用防晒霜，在阳光照射前半小时不涂抹防晒霜，两小时后不再涂抹防晒霜，不戴宽边帽子或穿防护服，不使用遮荫处，也不准确估计紫外线辐射 (UV) 水平。高级 GSS 通过基于 TT 的信息增强了过去的活动，以改变成年人的假期叙述，包括防晒安全。假期模式包含自由、有趣、无忧无虑的叙述，我们将通过电子邮件、网站、图文故事和其他材料中传递的阳光安全信息来补充这些叙述，旨在将阳光安全融入度假者的叙述中。高级 GSS 将针对下一代阳光安全行为，促进在紫外线照射前半小时充分涂抹防晒霜并重新涂抹、使用遮阳帘、宽边帽和防护服，以及评估危险紫外线水平的简单方法。高级 GSS 将我们的冬季高海拔 GSS 扩展到紫外线最高的春季/夏季环境。我们将使用前测后测、分组随机对照设计，在 40 家配对的美国酒店和度假村中测试高级 GSS 的功效，这些酒店和度假村是根据客房机架率和地区随机选择的。符合条件的酒店和度假村将成为我们的合作伙伴协会、美国酒店及住宿协会和国际酒店销售与营销协会的成员。参与的酒店/度假村将在三个实验年内分为三波。与最初的 GSS 试验一样，项目工作人员将与关键联系人经理合作，在 20 家干预酒店/度假村发送、链接、分发和发布干预材料。经过数据收集程序培训的研究助理 (RA) 将在春季和夏季夏至（一年中紫外线最高的时间）附近对每家酒店/度假村的 95 名游客进行拦截调查（在本次重新提交的试点测试中，响应率为 88%）。这些调查的主要结果指标是当前防晒保护的报告（即使用 SPF 15+ 防晒霜、预涂抹和重新涂抹）以及对帽子、衣服和遮阳帘使用情况的观察。 RA 还将每天观察酒店/度假村游客的防晒行为，作为次要结果措施。由于所有种族和收入群体的大多数美国人在度假时都会在户外休闲，因此研究结果应该适用于美国人口。 公共健康相关性：该应用程序通过测试基于先进运输理论的信息来解决皮肤癌的流行问题，为户外休闲创建阳光安全假期叙述。许多美国人经常接受大量无保护的阳光照射，并且经常在度假时故意晒黑，这大大增加了患皮肤癌的风险。一项先进的防晒计划将在美国 40 家酒店和度假村进行随机试验，通过调查和观察评估游客的综合防晒情况（及早涂抹和重新涂抹防晒霜、使用宽边帽、防护服和遮阳帘，以及对可靠的高紫外线环境指标的关注）。