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Impulsivity, Risk Taking, Stress and Nicotine Abstinence in Young Adult Smokers

年轻吸烟者的冲动、冒险、压力和尼古丁戒断

基本信息

批准号：
8242926
负责人：
TY Stephen SCHEPIS
金额：
$ 10.22万
依托单位：
TEXAS STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-02-01 至 2013-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8242926
关键词：
Abstinence Adolescent Adult Age-Years Award Behavioral Sciences Cessation of life Characteristics Cigarette Development Elderly Exposure to Health Benefit Imagery Impulsive Behavior Impulsivity Individual Intervention Lead Longevity Mediating Minority Mission Morbidity - disease rate National Institute of Drug Abuse Neurocognitive Deficit Nicotine Nicotine Withdrawal Outcome Participant Personality Traits Population Process Psychological reinforcement Public Health Relapse Research Risk Risk Factors Risk-Taking Signal Transduction Smoke Smoker Smoking Stress Tobacco Tobacco smoking Tobacco use Vulnerable Populations Withdrawal Symptom Withholding Treatment adverse outcome analog biological adaptation to stress cancer risk cigarette smoking coping craving discounting experience improved innovation mortality nicotine craving non-smoker prevent programs psychologic public health relevance pulmonary function respiratory response smoking cessation socioeconomics stressor trait university student young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): While rates of young adult tobacco smoking have decreased in the past decade, a substantial minority of young adults continue to smoke. Achieving cessation before reaching 30 years of age appears to significantly reduce the early mortality associated with smoking, whereas continued smoking through young adulthood is associated with increased cancer risk, poorer pulmonary functioning and neurocognitive deficits. Cessation programs aimed at this population have generally produced low rates of sustained abstinence, signalling the need for improved treatments aimed at ameliorating impediments to abstinence, such as impulsivity and risk taking. Findings indicate that impulsive smokers have greater trouble achieving lasting cessation, perhaps through elevated levels of craving they appear to experience after ceasing tobacco use. Furthermore, stress-induced pre-cessation increases in risk taking were associated with lower rates of sustained cessation among adolescents taking part in a research trial [(Schepis et al., in press)]. Stress exposure may also mediate the relationship between impulsivity and poorer smoking cessation outcome, as evidence indicates that stress exposure increases impulsivity. Thus, this application will evaluate the relationships among impulsivity, risk taking, nicotine craving and withdrawal in nicotine abstinent and non-abstinent young adult tobacco smokers before and after participating in a personalized imagery stressor (Sinha et al., 1999). [Participants will also complete a 6-day relapse analogue paradigm, providing a clinically and ecologically relevant endpoint.] The specific aims of this application are to: (1) evaluate the influence of nicotine abstinence on stress-induced changes in impulsive responding, risk-taking, nicotine craving and nicotine withdrawal symptoms in young adult smokers; (2) identify the effects of [trait] impulsivity and risk taking on smoking-related processes among young adult smokers following stress exposure; [and (3) evaluate the effects of stress-related changes in response inhibition and risk taking on ability to maintain abstinence in a relapse analogue paradigm.] This Behavioral Science Track Award for Rapid Transition (PAR-09-239) application could make an innovative contribution to the tobacco research field through the first use of an experimental paradigm to investigate stress-related changes in impulsivity, risk taking, nicotine craving and nicotine withdrawal in nicotine abstinent and non-abstinent young adult smokers. This proposal has strong relevance for the stated mission of NIDA, given its emphasis on uncovering a potential cause of continued tobacco use in an understudied and potentially vulnerable population, young adult smokers who are impulsive and/or risk prone. The public health benefit of this application could be significant, as it could lead to improved cessation treatments in these groups, limiting the morbidity and mortality associated with tobacco smoking. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Young adult smoking is a major cause of early death and a significant socioeconomic burden. Many young adult smokers wish to quit, but most experience notable difficulty achieving lasting cessation. Thus, this proposal has great public health relevance, as it may uncover how higher levels of impulsivity and risk taking prevent some young adults from quitting smoking, leading to better treatments for these individuals.

描述（由申请人提供）：虽然在过去的十年中，年轻人的吸烟率有所下降，但仍有相当一部分年轻人继续吸烟。在30岁之前戒烟似乎可以显著降低与吸烟相关的早期死亡率，而在成年早期继续吸烟则与癌症风险增加、肺功能恶化和神经认知缺陷有关。针对这一人群的戒烟计划通常产生了较低的持续戒断率，这表明需要改进旨在改善戒断障碍的治疗方法，如冲动和冒险。研究结果表明，冲动吸烟者更难以实现持久戒烟，这可能是由于他们在戒烟后似乎经历了更高水平的渴望。此外，参加一项研究试验的青少年中，压力诱发的戒烟前风险增加与持续戒烟率较低有关[（Schepis等人，出版中）]。压力暴露也可能调解冲动性和较差的戒烟结果之间的关系，因为证据表明压力暴露会增加冲动性。因此，本应用将评估尼古丁戒断和非戒断的年轻成年吸烟者在参与个性化意象压力源前后的冲动、冒险、尼古丁渴望和戒断之间的关系（Sinha et al., 1999）。参与者还将完成为期6天的复发类似物范式，提供临床和生态学相关的终点。本应用程序的具体目的是：(1)评估尼古丁戒断对年轻成年吸烟者在冲动反应、冒险、尼古丁渴望和尼古丁戒断症状方面的压力诱导变化的影响；(2)确定压力暴露后青少年吸烟者的冲动性和风险承担对吸烟相关过程的影响；[和(3)评估在复发模拟范式中，应激相关的反应抑制和风险承担变化对维持戒断能力的影响。]这项行为科学快速过渡奖（PAR-09-239）申请可以通过首次使用实验范式来研究尼古丁戒断和非戒断的年轻成年吸烟者在冲动、冒险、尼古丁渴望和尼古丁戒断方面的压力相关变化，为烟草研究领域做出创新贡献。该建议与NIDA的既定使命具有很强的相关性，因为它强调在未充分研究和潜在脆弱人群中发现持续使用烟草的潜在原因，即冲动和/或有风险倾向的年轻成年吸烟者。这一应用的公共卫生效益可能是显著的，因为它可以改善这些群体的戒烟治疗，限制与吸烟有关的发病率和死亡率。