Prescription Drug Misuse Characteristics in Adolescents and Young Adults: Influence of School Enrollment

项目总结/摘要 新出现的数据表明，青少年和年轻人处方药滥用（PDM）的流行率 受学校状况的影响很大，阿片类药物和镇静剂/镇静剂的使用率较高（即，大程度 苯二氮卓类药物）滥用的人不在学校和学生中使用兴奋剂的比例较高。其他研究 表明，不在学校的年轻人有更多关于物质使用概况和相关的 这一现象的后果是，辍学青少年尤其容易受到伤害。也就是说，没有研究评估 青少年和年轻人不同学校状况的PDM特征，如动机或转移来源 处方药滥用者研究小组的长期目标是了解处方滥用者和PDM 整个生命周期的过程，通过确定治疗目标和易受伤害的人来帮助干预开发人员 滥用者的小团体。在该项目中，利用多年来全国毒品使用调查的数据， 健康（NSDUH），总体目标是：一，评估学生身份在青少年和 青年人（分别）在PDM的相关因素，动机，来源，类型，SUD症状和并发模式 PDM-其他药物使用（多种药物使用）;二，建立非医疗使用者的潜在类别，分别为 以下群体：青少年学生、失学青少年、青年学生和失学青年 学校;和三，比较潜在类的PDM特征（例如，动机）、多种药物使用和SUD 症状变量选择以问题行为理论为指导，允许检查风险和 保护因素的PDM跨越各种领域。拟议项目的理由是， 青少年和年轻成人处方药滥用者的特征以及这些群体中的PDM过程将 为以PDM为重点的干预措施提供更明确的目标。这个项目的贡献将是巨大的 因为它将确定特别脆弱的青少年和年轻人参与PDM， 干预开发人员，以更好地制定强大的预防和治疗计划，以限制和/或治疗PDM在 PDM患病率最高的两个年龄组。此外，本文的研究具有创新性 因为它代表了一个重大的偏离目前的状态，该领域主要集中在学校为基础的 通过应用研究小组以前使用的公认技术和分析， 在更多样化的年轻人群中，大大扩展了PDM的知识基础。其他 创新的来源包括使用一个具有全国代表性的大样本调查， 一套全面的PDM措施，物质使用障碍症状的维度检查（包括 这些来自PDM），并使用一个经过充分研究的理论来研究各种各样的风险和保护的影响， 因素从该项目中获得的知识的迅速传播有可能告知 制定最有效的干预方案，以预防或减少PDM及其后果， 所有这些都符合NIDA的使命。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Emerging data indicate that the prevalence of prescription drug misuse (PDM) in adolescents and young adults is heavily influenced by school status, with higher rates of opioid and tranquilizer/sedative (i.e., largely benzodiazepine) misuse in those not in school and higher rates of stimulant use among students. Other research indicates that younger individuals not in school have more concerning substance use profiles and related consequences, with adolescent school dropouts particuarly vulnerable. That said, no research has evaluated PDM characteristics, like motives or diversion sources, by school status in adolescent and young adult prescription misusers. The long-term goal of the research team is to understand prescription misusers and PDM processes across the lifespan, aiding intervention developers by identifying treatment targets and vulnerable subgroups of misusers. In this project, using data from multiple years of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), the overall objectives are to: one, evaluate differences by student status in adolescents and young adults (separately) in PDM correlates, motives, sources, types, SUD symptoms and patterns of concurrent PDM-other drug use (polydrug use); two, establish latent classes of nonmedical users, separately for the following groups: adolescent students, adolescents not in school, young adult students and young adults not in school; and three, compare latent classes on PDM characteristics (e.g., motives), polydrug use and SUD symptoms. Variable selection was guided by Problem Behavior Theory, allowing for examination of risk and protective factors for PDM across a variety of domains. The rationale for the proposed project is that better characterization of adolescent and young adult prescription misusers and PDM processes in those groups will provide clearer targets for interventions focused on PDM. The contribution of this project will be significant because it will identify especially vulnerable adolescents and young adults engaged in PDM, allowing intervention developers to better craft robust prevention and treatment programs to limit and/or treat PDM in the two age groups with the highest prevalence of PDM. Furthermore, the research proposed here is innovative because it represents a significant departure from the current state of the field focused largely on school-based samples by applying accepted techniques and analyses, all previously utilized by the research team, to considerably expand the knowledge base about PDM in a more diverse population of younger individuals. Other sources of innovation include the investigation of a nationally representative and large sample using a comprehensive set of PDM measures, dimensional examination of substance use disorder symptoms (including those from PDM) and use of a well-studied theory to study the influence of a wide variety of risk and protective factors. Rapid dissemination of the knowledge derived from this project has the potential to inform the development of maximally valid intervention options to prevent or reduce PDM and its consequences in adolescents and young adults, all of which is consistent with the mission of NIDA.