Reduced gluten cereal grains

描述（由申请人提供）：乳糜泻（CD）是已知最常见的食物敏感性肠病，影响约1%的人群，其发病率似乎呈上升趋势。此外，非腹腔麸质敏感性（GS）最近被发现是一个独特的条件，影响越来越多的个人。这两种情况都是由麸质引发的，麸质是小麦、大麦和黑麦中富含脯氨酸和谷氨酰胺的种子储存蛋白的复杂混合物。由于这些蛋白质对消化有抵抗力，它们在胃肠道中持续存在，并在易感个体中引起自身炎症反应。目前唯一的治疗这些条件是维持一个严格的glute-free饮食。 该提案将使用大麦作为模型谷物，结合麸质降解酶补充剂，在非人灵长类动物腹腔疾病模型恒河猴中测试低麸质（RG）谷物的安全性。当饮食中含有麸质时，恒河猴已被证明会发展出类似于人类乳糜泻的病症，并且该病症在麸质戒断后得到改善。在正在进行的研究中，PI一直在识别大麦和小麦的低面筋变体，而学术合作者一直在开发乳糜泻的动物模型和面筋降解蛋白酶补充剂。 从饮食中消除所有麸质对于那些患有CD或 谷蛋白降解补充剂本身的使用并不旨在允许这些群体恢复无限制的谷蛋白消费。我们认为，将低筋谷物与谷蛋白蛋白酶补充剂相结合的协同疗法可能为这些人提供将有限数量的低筋谷物引入其饮食中的机会。在非人类灵长类动物模型中测试这一假设是拟议研究的目标。 这一建议的商业成果将是大麦的面筋含量降低，这将增加多种食品可接受性的保证。RG大麦代表了一种新的谷物类别，可能在为CD和GS个体提供无麸质饮食的替代品方面发挥作用。RG大麦和其他RG谷物的广泛采用最终可以减少这些疾病的发生率。对RG大麦种子特性的基本认识可以为RG小麦的研究铺平道路。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Celiac disease (CD) is the most common food sensitive enteropathy known, affecting approximately 1% of the population and its incidence appears to be on the rise. In addition, non-celiac gluten sensitivity (GS) has recently been revealed to be a distinct condition that affects a growing number of individuals. Both of these conditions are triggered by gluten, a complex mixture of proline and glutamine-rich seed storage proteins found in wheat, barley and rye. Because these proteins are resistant to digestion they persist in the gastrointestinal tract and cause an auto-inflammatory response in susceptible individuals. Currently the only treatment for these conditions is the maintenance of a strict glute free diet. This proposal will test the safety of reduced gluten (RG) cereal grains, using barley a a model cereal, in combination with a gluten degrading enzyme supplement in a non-human primate model of celiac disease, the rhesus macaque. Rhesus macaques have been shown to develop a condition that is analogous to human celiac disease when gluten is included in their diet, and the condition improves upon gluten withdrawal. In ongoing research, the PI has been identifying low gluten variants of barley and wheat, while the academic collaborators have been developing the animal model of celiac disease, and a gluten-degrading protease supplement, respectively. Eliminating all gluten from the diet can be difficult for those suffering from CD or GS, and the use of a gluten degrading supplement by itself is not intended to permit these groups to resume unrestricted gluten consumption. We believe that a synergistic therapy combining reduced gluten grains with a gluten protease supplement may provide the opportunity for these individuals to introduce limited quantities of reduced gluten cereals into their diets. Testing this hypothesis in a non-human primate model is the objective of the proposed research. The commercial outcome of this proposal will be reduced gluten variants of barley for which there will be increased assurance of acceptability for multiple food products. RG barley represents a new category of cereal grain that may play a role in providing an alternative to the gluten free diet for CD and GS individuals in combination with other therapies. The wide adoption of RG barley and other RG grains could ultimately reduce the incidence of these conditions. Basic knowledge about the seed characteristics of RG barley may pave the way for RG wheat.