Learning-dependent plasticity and mnemonic encoding in parieto-frontal networks

顶额网络中学习依赖的可塑性和助记编码

• 批准号: 8547644
• 负责人: Arup Sarma
• 金额: $ 3.72万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8547644
• 关键词: Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Area; Attention Deficit Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Categories; Cognition Disorders; Cognitive; Complex; Data; Delayed Memory; Dependence; Discrimination; Disease; Dyslexia; Electrodes; Environment; Event; Faculty; Future; Goals; Knowledge; Lateral; Learning; Light; Memory; Monkeys; Motion; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Pattern; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Research; Role; Schizophrenia; Short-Term Memory; Staging; Stimulus; Stroke; Time; Training; Visual; Visual Motion; Work; abstracting; base; cognitive function; daily functioning; flexibility; frontal lobe; improved; lateral intraparietal area; long term memory; memory recognition; nervous system disorder; next generation; relating to nervous system; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We have a remarkable ability to learn and recognize the behavioral significance, or category membership, of objects and events in our environment. Diseases that disrupt this ability, such as Stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Schizophrenia, can cause serious problems in the daily function of affected patients. While the ability to categorize stimuli and events is critical to our ability to interact with the world, little is known about how these categories are learned. Furthermore, much remains to be understood about how categories and other abstract phenomena are stored in memory. A mechanistic understanding of how we learn the behavioral relevance of stimuli and how such information is loaded into memory could greatly enhance our ability to treat diseases that affect cognitive function. Prior work has revealed that neuronal activity in two interconnected cortical areas, the lateral intraparietal (LIP) area and lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), show strong and robust encoding of the category membership of stimuli following long-term training. However, relatively little is known about how neuronal category representations develop during the learning process itself, and how category- representations stored in long-term memory are transferred to short-term memory during behavior. The goals of this project are to elucidate the behavioral and neuronal dynamics of category learning in LIP and LPFC, and to understand how task complexity affects representation of information in short-term memory. First, we will record from populations of LIP and LPFC neurons during the category-learning process in order to understand how neuronal category representations develop as a function of learning. Second, we will examine the task-dependence of mnemonic neuronal representations in LIP and LPFC by comparing neuronal activity in subjects during visual categorization and identification tasks with the same set of motion stimuli. The results of these studies will yield a mechanistic understanding of how the brain learns abstract information about visual stimuli and maintains it in memory. The long term goal of the proposed studies is to provide a basis for the understanding and future treatments of the diseases and conditions which affect learning, memory, and recognition. In addition to neurological disorders such as Stroke and Alzheimer's disease, work on conditions that affect learning such as Attention Deficit Disorder and Dyslexia could benefit from a more detailed understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying learning and memory. Thus, the knowledge gained from studying the neural basis of learning and memory will likely shed light onto valuable next-generation treatments for neurological and cognitive disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们具有出色的学习和识别环境中物体和事件的行为意义或类别成员资格的能力。破坏这种能力的疾病，如中风、阿尔茨海默病和精神分裂症，可能会导致受影响患者的日常功能出现严重问题。虽然对刺激和事件进行分类的能力对于我们与世界互动的能力至关重要，但我们对如何分类却知之甚少。 这些类别是习得的。此外，关于类别和其他抽象现象如何存储在内存中，还有很多事情有待理解。对我们如何学习刺激的行为相关性以及如何将这些信息加载到记忆中的机械理解可以极大地增强我们治疗影响认知功能的疾病的能力。先前的研究表明，两个相互关联的皮质区域（外侧顶叶（LIP）区域和外侧前额皮质（LPFC））的神经元活动在长期训练后显示出对刺激类别成员的强大而鲁棒的编码。然而，关于神经元类别表征在学习过程本身如何发展，以及存储在长期记忆中的类别表征如何在行为过程中转移到短期记忆中，人们知之甚少。该项目的目标是阐明 LIP 和 LPFC 类别学习的行为和神经元动力学，并了解任务复杂性如何影响短期记忆中信息的表示。首先，我们将在类别学习过程中记录 LIP 和 LPFC 神经元群体，以便了解神经元类别表征如何作为学习函数而发展。其次，我们将通过比较受试者在视觉分类和识别任务期间使用同一组运动刺激的神经元活动来检查 LIP 和 LPFC 中助记神经元表征的任务依赖性。这些研究的结果将对大脑如何学习有关视觉刺激的抽象信息并将其保留在记忆中产生机械性的理解。拟议研究的长期目标是为影响学习、记忆和识别的疾病和病症的理解和未来治疗提供基础。除了中风和阿尔茨海默病等神经系统疾病之外，对注意力缺陷障碍和阅读障碍等影响学习的疾病的研究也可以受益于对学习和记忆背后的大脑机制的更详细的了解。因此，从学习和记忆的神经基础研究中获得的知识可能会为神经和认知障碍的下一代有价值的治疗提供线索。