A Multi-State Analysis of the Impact of HIV Exposure Laws

对艾滋病毒暴露法影响的多州分析

• 批准号: 8329937
• 负责人: CAROL L GALLETLY
• 金额: $ 26.4万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-11 至 2015-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8329937
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Awareness; Behavior; Cognitive; Community Services; Containment; Contracts; Criminal Law; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data Collection; Disclosure; Disease; Effectiveness; English Language; Ensure; Environment; Focus Groups; Fright; Geographic state; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Health Services; Human immunodeficiency virus test; Immigrant; Immigration; Individual; Interview; Latino; Laws; Lead; Life; Measures; North Carolina; Outcome; Outcome Study; Parents; Participant; Perception; Persons; Policies; Population; Prevention; Prevention strategy; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Reaction; Research; Risk; Role; Sampling; Sexual Partners; Statutes and Laws; Stigmata; Surveys; Testing; Translating; United States; Virginia; Writing; parent grant; prevent; prospective; safer sex; social stigma; stem; success; uptake

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A majority of US states have HIV-specific criminal laws that require persons living with HIV (PLWH) to disclose their positive serostatus to prospective sex partners. Although the laws' presumptive purpose is to increase serostatus disclosure to sexual partners (with the assumption that informed partners will abstain or practice safer sex), little is known about their effectiveness. Even less is known about the potential negative impact of these laws, which could range from deterring persons at elevated risk for HIV infection from being tested, to deterring PLWH from disclosing their seropositive status and utilizing HIV-related health care services. The National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States asks state lawmakers to consider reviewing these laws to ensure that they are consistent with public health approaches to preventing and treating HIV infection. We are currently conducting the first multi-state study in the nation to directly examine the impact of criminal HIV exposure laws on persons living with and at risk for HIV infection (R01-MH091875). However, our study surveys and materials are in English and prevent us from examining the impact of these laws on a very important US subpopulation, Spanish-speaking Latino immigrants for whom a survey in English serves as a barrier to participation. We propose to partner with the Latino Commission on AIDS and the networks of community service organizations that are carrying out the aims of the parent grant to translate and administer the parent study's cross sectional survey in Spanish to statewide samples of HIV-positive and at risk Spanish-speaking Latino immigrants. We will augment the study survey in the supplemental project by including measures to assess participants' fear of deportation and their perceptions of US immigration law as it applies to HIV/AIDS. The supplemental study will thus expand the parent study, both by including an important subpopulation in our efforts to understand the impact of HIV exposure laws, and by examining, within this population, the related impact of deportation concern and perceived immigration law on study outcomes. The results of the study will inform HIV-related legislation, which is often drafted without the benefit of scientific evidence. Results will also inform policy discussions on the role of the criminal law in disease containment efforts. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: We will explore the impact of US criminal HIV exposure laws on the HIV-prevention behaviors of Spanish speaking Latino immigrants--a vulnerable subpopulation not included in the English language parent study. Additionally, we will explore the impact of perceived immigration law on the same HIV-related behaviors. The results of the supplement will provide information on two potential structural-level threats to the success of our national HIV prevention strategy.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国大多数州都有针对艾滋病毒的刑法，要求艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）向潜在的性伴侣披露其阳性血清状态。虽然这些法律的假定目的是增加向性伴侣披露血清状况（假设知情的伴侣会禁欲或进行更安全的性行为），但人们对其有效性知之甚少。人们对这些法律的潜在负面影响所知更少，这些影响可能包括阻止艾滋病毒感染风险高的人接受检测，阻止艾滋病毒携带者透露其血清反应阳性状况和利用与艾滋病毒有关的保健服务。美国国家艾滋病毒/艾滋病战略要求州立法者考虑审查这些法律，以确保它们与预防和治疗艾滋病毒感染的公共卫生方法一致。 我们目前正在进行全国第一项多州研究，以直接检查刑事艾滋病毒暴露法对艾滋病毒感染者和艾滋病毒感染风险者的影响（R 01-MH 091875）。然而，我们的研究调查和材料是英文的，这使我们无法研究这些法律对一个非常重要的美国亚群的影响，即说西班牙语的拉丁美洲移民，对他们来说，英文调查是参与的障碍。 我们建议与拉丁美洲艾滋病委员会和社区服务组织网络合作，这些组织正在执行父母补助金的目标，以翻译和管理父母研究的西班牙语横断面调查，以全州范围内的艾滋病毒阳性和有风险的讲西班牙语的拉丁美洲移民样本。我们将在补充项目中增加研究调查，包括评估参与者对驱逐出境的恐惧以及他们对美国移民法适用于艾滋病毒/艾滋病的看法的措施。因此，补充研究将扩大父母的研究，包括一个重要的亚群在我们的努力，以了解艾滋病毒暴露的法律的影响，并通过检查，在这个人口中，相关的影响驱逐出境的关注和感知的移民法对研究结果。这项研究的结果将为与艾滋病毒有关的立法提供信息，这些立法往往是在没有科学证据的情况下起草的。研究结果还将为关于刑法在遏制疾病工作中的作用的政策讨论提供信息。 公共卫生关系：我们将探讨美国刑事艾滋病毒暴露法律对讲西班牙语的拉丁裔移民艾滋病毒预防行为的影响-英语父母研究中未包括的弱势亚群。此外，我们还将探讨移民法对同样的艾滋病毒相关行为的影响。该补充的结果将提供有关我们成功的两个潜在结构层面威胁的信息 国家艾滋病毒预防战略。