Perceived Immigration Laws and Infectious Disease Control Measures

对移民法和传染病控制措施的看法

• 批准号: 10738125
• 负责人: CAROL L GALLETLY
• 金额: $ 59.12万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-23 至 2028-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10738125
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; Address; Agriculture; Area; Awareness; Behavior; COVID testing; COVID-19; COVID-19 pandemic; Caring; Charge; Cities; Collaborations; Communicable Disease Control; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Community Health Aides; Community Health Nursing; Complex; Contact Tracing; Country; County; Development; Disease Management; Documentation; Environment; Feedback; Focus Groups; Funding; Gender; Government; HIV; HIV Seropositivity; Health; Health Personnel; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Household; Human immunodeficiency virus test; Immigrant; Immigration; Individual; Infection; Intervention; Interview; Latinx; Laws; Lawyers; Legal; Measures; Medical; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Occupational; Participant; Pattern; Perception; Policies; Population; Process; Public Health; Public Health Nursing; Public Health Practice; Recommendation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Rural; Sampling; Scanning; Sentinel; Services; Severities; Structure; Substance Use Disorder; Surveys; Testing; Time; Translating; Tuberculosis; Vaccination; Work; Writing; behavior influence; community organizations; data exchange; disorder control; experience; intimate partner violence; marginalization; member; metropolitan; pilot test; prevention service; public health intervention; residence; response; screening; social; social stigma; success; transmission process; urban setting; virtual; willingness

Over 44 million immigrants live in the US, and nearly half (44%) are Latinx. Historically, US immigrants have been reluctant to engage in public health infectious disease control measures such as testing, contact tracing, vaccination, and prompt medical care. Yet the public's cooperation is essential if infectious disease control measures are to succeed, especially among a marginalized subpopulation such as Latinx immigrants. Increasingly, commentators have noted the potential for immigration laws and concerns to deter immigrants from engaging in communicable disease control measures. This may be especially true for conditions of immigration significance that can be shrouded with negative legal and social connotations. Findings from our studies of Latinx immigrants' immigration concerns related to largely individual-level public health interventions--specifically use of services for HIV testing, substance use disorders and intimate partner violence--confirms commentators' concerns, (1R01MD011573 PI: Galletly) and our preliminary study of Latinx immigrants' legal concerns relevant to COVID testing, contact tracing, and treatment (R01MH091875-S1 PI: Galletly) strongly suggest this influence applies to large scale, population-level disease control efforts as well. The proposed study will extend our research on the influence of actual, and importantly, perceived, immigration-related laws on Latinx immigrants' use of HIV prevention services to examine the influence of these on Latinx immigrants' ability and willingness to engage in population-level disease control efforts where government direction is more prominent. Specifically, we propose to leverage the recent increased public awareness of public health disease control measures to examine the influence of actual and perceived immigration-related laws on Latinx immigrants' willingness to engage in testing, contact tracing, and treatment as recommended by public health representatives when indicated for tuberculosis, hepatitis C, and COVID-19. Our interdisciplinary team of researchers, attorneys, community health workers and public health representatives will collaborate on this mixed-methods, community-engaged study. Formative legal and qualitative inquiry to identify the nature, extent, and influence of immigration-related law concerns will inform the development of a de novo immigration law concerns measure to be administered to 1200 Latinx immigrants living in two US regions with diverse immigration environments. Participants with diverse documentation statuses, countries of origin, time spent in the US, and residence in rural/agricultural and urban settings will be purposively sampled to further inform analysis of these complex behaviors. Identifying actual and perceived legal barriers to immigrants' engagement in disease control measures can only be useful if results are transferred to practice. We will explore, with public health personnel, how best to support the rapid transfer of findings to practice. Given that US public health departments conduct, finance, or advise virtually all communicable disease control efforts, they are an ideal conduit for this.

超过4400万移民居住在美国，近一半（44%）是拉丁裔。历史上，美国移民 一直不愿从事公共卫生传染病控制措施，如检测，接触 追踪、接种疫苗和及时的医疗护理。然而，如果传染病 控制措施必须取得成功，特别是在拉丁裔移民等边缘化亚人口中。 越来越多的评论家注意到移民法和担忧可能会阻止 移民从事传染病控制措施。对于以下人来说，这可能尤其如此 具有移民意义的条件，可能被负面的法律的和社会含义所掩盖。 我们对拉丁裔移民的移民问题的研究结果主要与个人层面的公众问题有关。 保健干预措施-特别是利用艾滋病毒检测、药物使用障碍和亲密伴侣服务 暴力-证实了评论员的担忧，（1 R 01 MD 011573 PI：Galletly）和我们对拉丁美洲的初步研究 移民对COVID检测、接触者追踪和治疗的法律的关注（R 01 MH 091875-S1 PI： Gallely）强烈建议这种影响也适用于大规模的人口水平的疾病控制工作。 这项拟议的研究将扩展我们对实际影响的研究，重要的是，感知， 移民相关法律对拉丁裔移民使用艾滋病毒预防服务，以检查的影响， 这些关于拉丁裔移民参与人口水平疾病控制工作的能力和意愿， 政府导向更加突出。具体来说，我们建议利用最近增加的公众 了解公共卫生疾病控制措施的实际影响和感知影响 关于拉丁裔移民愿意参与检测、接触者追踪和治疗的移民相关法律 根据公共卫生代表的建议，适用于结核病、丙型肝炎和COVID-19。 我们的跨学科团队的研究人员，律师，社区卫生工作者和公共卫生 代表们将在这项混合方法、社区参与的研究中进行合作。形成性的法律的和 定性调查，以确定性质，程度，和移民相关的法律问题的影响将告知 重新制定移民法涉及对1200名拉丁美洲人采取措施， 生活在美国两个移民环境不同的地区的移民。参与者多样 文件状态，原籍国，在美国度过的时间，以及居住在农村/农业和城市 设置将被有目的地采样，以进一步为这些复杂行为的分析提供信息。 确定移民参与疾病控制措施的实际和感知的法律的障碍 只有将成果转化为实践，才能发挥作用。我们将与公共卫生人员一起探讨如何最好地 支持将调查结果迅速转化为实践。鉴于美国公共卫生部门的行为，财政， 或建议几乎所有的传染病控制工作，他们是一个理想的渠道。