Aging and Antipsychotic Efficacy - Epigenetic Mechanisms

描述（由申请人提供）：抗精神病药物被广泛用于老年患者治疗各种精神病理学疾病，包括与认知障碍相关的精神病和行为障碍。然而，目前的治疗策略对老年人往往是无效的，与SID反应的发生率增加。导致老年人群中抗精神病药物疗效降低的因素尚未完全了解。已显示诱导即刻早期基因（如c-fos）影响CNS中的抗精神病药物活性。典型和非典型抗精神病药物都诱导特定脑区（包括纹状体和前额皮质）的c-Fos表达。我们的初步数据显示，抗精神病药物诱导的c-Fos表达水平较低的老年小鼠的丘脑核，以及减少乙酰化组蛋白H3赖氨酸残基27（H3 K27）的c-Fos启动子。与组蛋白去乙酰化酶HDAC抑制剂丙戊酸（VPA）的共同治疗显示出恢复抗精神病药诱导的c-Fos诱导并改善老年小鼠的行为表现。我们的初步数据表明，表观遗传机制可能在老年人中观察到的药物疗效降低中发挥关键作用。在这项研究中，我们假设年龄相关的抗精神病药物疗效下降是大脑表观遗传变化的结果，可以通过抗精神病药物和HDAC抑制剂的联合治疗来改善。为了检验我们的假设，将用氟哌啶醇（HAL，典型）或氯氮平（CLZ，非典型）单独或与HDAC 1特异性抑制剂恩替司他（MS-275）或泛HDAC抑制剂VPA组合治疗年轻（3个月大）和老年（24个月大）小鼠14天。首先，我们将研究组蛋白H3赖氨酸残基27（H3 K27）的乙酰化的c-fos启动子和抗精神病药诱导的c-Fos诱导在老年小鼠脑中使用染色质免疫沉淀（ChIP）测定和实时PCR之间的关系。然后，我们将研究是否增加c-Fos表达HDAC抑制剂/抗精神病药的共同治疗是特定的多巴胺能或多巴胺能神经元使用免疫荧光双标记。使用与记忆和运动功能相关的行为测试，我们将研究MS-275治疗是否会导致与VPA治疗相似的认知改善。这项研究将阐明衰老，抗精神病药物疗效和表观遗传调节之间的相互作用。通过推进我们对药物疗效的表观遗传机制的理解，将有可能开发新的精神病治疗策略，最大限度地提高疗效，同时最大限度地减少副作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Antipsychotic drugs are widely prescribed to elderly patients for the treatment of a variety of psycho- pathological conditions, including psychosis and behavioral disturbances associated with cognitive impairment. However, the current treatment strategy for elderly individuals is often ineffective, with an increased incidence of sid effects. The factors contributing to reduced antipsychotic efficacy in the elderly population are not yet full understood. Induction of immediate-early genes such as c-fos has been shown to affect antipsychotic drug activity in the CNS. Both typical and atypical antipsychotics induce c Fos expression in specific brain regions, including the striatum and prefrontal cortex. Our preliminary data shows lower levels of antipsychotic induced c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens of aged mice, as well decreased acetylation of histone H3 lysine residue 27 (H3K27) on the c-fos promoter. Co-treatment with valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase HDAC inhibitor, was shown to restore antipsychotic induced c-Fos induction and improve behavioral performance in aged mice. Our preliminary data suggests that an epigenetic mechanism may play a key role in the reduced drug efficacy seen in elderly individuals. In this study, we hypothesize that age-associated decreases in antipsychotic efficacy are the result of epigenetic changes in the brain that can be ameliorated by co-treatment with antipsychotics and HDAC inhibitors. To test our hypotheses, young (3-month old) and aged (24-month old) mice will be treated with haloperidol (HAL, a typical) or clozapine (CLZ, an atypical) alone or in combination with the HDAC1-specific inhibitor entinostat (MS-275) or pan-HDAC inhibitor VPA for 14 days. First, we will investigate the relationship between the acetylation of histone H3 lysine residue 27 (H3K27) on the c-fos promoter and antipsychotic induced c-Fos induction in the brains of aged mice using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and real-time PCR. We will then examine whether increased c-Fos expression following HDAC inhibitor/antipsychotic co-treatment is specific to dopaminergic or serotoninergic neurons using immunofluorescence double labeling. Using behavioral tests relevant to memory and motor function, we will then investigate whether MS-275 treatment results in cognitive improvements similar to those seen with VPA treatment. This study will shed light on the interactions between aging, antipsychotic drug efficacy, and epigenetic regulation. By advancing our understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms of drug efficacy, it will be possible to develop new psychotropic treatment strategies that maximize benefits while minimizing side effects.