HIV-1 Integrase Structural Biology

描述（由申请人提供）：整合由病毒整合酶蛋白催化，是所有逆转录病毒生命周期中必不可少的一步。这凸显了人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV- 1）整合酶蛋白作为治疗干预的重要靶点，而首个整合酶抑制剂雷替格拉韦于2007年被批准用于艾滋病患者。由于患者出现了替地韦耐药，因此开发下一代抑制剂以对抗耐药菌株是一个持续的、重要的需求，制药行业正在进行这项工作。这种药物设计的努力是由知识的详细结构的目标蛋白，以及药物结合复合物的结构显著帮助。与游离整合酶蛋白相比，像雷替格拉韦这样的药物优先结合并抑制逆转录后形成的整合酶- dna复合物或侵入体，这突出了对HIV-1侵入体结构信息的关键需求。直到最近，还没有任何逆转录病毒侵入体的实验衍生结构，但在正在进行的资助平台期间进行的工作最终解决了泡沫病毒（PFV）侵入体原型的x射线晶体结构。为了开始理解类似的HIV-1结构，我们建立了一个使用PFV结构作为支架的分子模型，本文提出的工作将评估模型中揭示的许多整合酶- dna接触在体外整合和病毒感染期间的作用。此外，我们将采用我们在PFV的广泛研究中所学到的知识，并将这些知识应用于解决HIV-1侵入体的三维结构。HIV-1结构将成为基础研究和临床科学家的宝贵财富，因为它将定义HIV-1 DNA整合的结构基础，并为开发下一代整合酶抑制剂提供关键平台。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Integration, catalyzed by the viral integrase protein, is an essential step in the life cycle of all retroviruses. This has highlighted the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV- 1) integrase protein as an important target for therapeutic intervention, and the first integrase inhibitor, raltegravir, was approved for use with AIDS patients in 2007. Because raltegravir-resistance arises in patients, there is an ongoing, important need to develop next generation inhibitors that will work to counteract drug-resistant strains, and this work is underway in the pharmaceutical industry. Such drug design efforts are helped significantly by knowledge of detailed structures of the targeted protein, as well as structures of drug-bound complexes. Drugs like raltegravir preferentially bind to and inhibit the integrase-DNA complex or intasome that forms after reverse transcription as compared to the free integrase protein, highlighting the crucial need for structural information on the HIV-1 intasome. Until recently, there was no experimentally derived structure for any retroviral intasome, but work conducted during the ongoing grant platform culminated in solving the x-ray crystal structure of the prototype foamy virus (PFV) intasome. To begin to understand the analogous HIV-1 structure, we have built a molecular model using the PFV structure as a scaffold, and work proposed herein will evaluate numerous integrase-DNA contacts unveiled in the model for their roles in integration in vitro and during virus infection. We moreover will adopt what we have learned during our extensive studies with PFV and apply this knowledge to solve the three-dimensional structure of the HIV-1 intasome. The HIV-1 structure will be an invaluable asset for basic research as well as clinical scientists, as it will define the structural basis of HIV-1 DNA integration and provide a crucial platform for development of next generation integrase inhibitors.