Perceptual Coding and Modulation of Odor Objects in the Human Brain

人脑中气味物体的感知编码和调制

• 批准号: 8441541
• 负责人: Jay A Gottfried
• 金额: $ 34.71万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-04-01 至 2014-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8441541
• 关键词: Address; Algorithms; Alzheimer' s Disease; Architecture; Award; Biological Assay; Biological Markers; Brain; Brain region; Categories; Cheese; Chocolate; Clove; Code; Cognitive; Complex; Computer Simulation; Data; Diagnostic; Discrimination; Doctor of Philosophy; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Health; Human; Illusions; Image; Imaging Techniques; Imaging technology; Individual; Investigator-Initiated Research; Laboratories; Learning; Link; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Memory Loss; Methods; Modeling; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Neurobehavioral Manifestations; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurology; Neurosciences Research; Odors; Olfactory Cortex; Pathology; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Placebo Effect; Process; Psychophysics; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Resolution; Resources; Risk; Role; Sensory; Sensory Deprivation; Series; Signal Transduction; Smell Perception; Staging; Stimulus; Techniques; Temporal Lobe; Testing; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Work; base; clinically relevant; deprivation; design; expectation; experience; human subject; learned behavior; medical schools; neuroimaging; novel; novel therapeutics; object perception; piriform cortex; professor; relating to nervous system; research study; response; statistics; tool; visual object processing

Description (provided by applicant): This is a request to the NIH/NIDCD for a New Investigator-initiated Research Project Grant (R01) Award for Jay A. Gottfried, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Neurology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Understanding how the brain creates internal perceptions of the external world has long been a key focus of neuroscientific research. Currently little is known about the neural processing of "odor objects," that is, the quality or character of a smell (e.g., minty, floral) arising from an odorous object. The long-term scientific goal of this project is to characterize the functional architecture of odor quality coding in the human brain, and to understand the roles of learning, context, and experience in the formation and modulation of these perceptual codes. The use of human subjects, who can provide direct verbal reports of their perceptual experience, offers distinct advantages for addressing these questions. In the research proposed here, olfactory functional neuroimaging techniques will be combined with sensory psychophysical approaches and computational models to characterize how (rather than simply where) neural information about odor objects is encoded in the brain. Specifically, multivariate statistical algorithms will be integrated with high-resolution imaging technologies to test the hypothesis that odor qualities and categories take the form of spatially distributed activity patterns in the human olfactory brain. The proposed studies will also pair these techniques with novel paradigms of odor sensory deprivation, olfactory perceptual illusions, and expectancy effects, to investigate whether experimentally induced changes in ensemble brain activity will coincide with parallel changes in odor quality perception. By highlighting the close affiliation between brain activity and odor object perception under dynamic conditions, these studies will demonstrate that odor-evoked ensemble patterns in human olfactory cortex satisfy criteria for a genuine olfactory code of odor quality.

描述（由申请人提供）：这是一份向NIH/NIDCD提出的关于Jay A的新研究者发起的研究项目资助（R 01）的申请。Gottfried，医学博士，西北大学Feinberg医学院神经病学助理教授。了解大脑如何创造外部世界的内部感知一直是神经科学研究的重点。目前对“气味对象”的神经处理知之甚少，即气味的质量或特征（例如，薄荷味的，花香的）从有气味的物体中发出的。该项目的长期科学目标是描述人脑中气味质量编码的功能结构，并了解学习，背景和经验在这些感知代码的形成和调制中的作用。使用人类受试者，谁可以提供他们的知觉经验的直接口头报告，提供了解决这些问题的明显优势。在这里提出的研究中，嗅觉功能神经成像技术将与感官心理物理方法和计算模型相结合，以表征有关气味物体的神经信息如何（而不仅仅是在哪里）在大脑中编码。具体而言，多元统计算法将与高分辨率成像技术相结合，以测试气味质量和类别在人类嗅觉大脑中以空间分布活动模式的形式存在的假设。拟议的研究还将这些技术与气味感觉剥夺，嗅觉知觉错觉和预期效应的新范例配对，以研究实验诱导的整体大脑活动变化是否与气味质量感知的平行变化相一致。通过强调大脑活动和气味物体感知之间的密切联系，在动态条件下，这些研究将证明，气味诱发的合奏模式在人类嗅觉皮层满足标准的气味质量的一个真正的嗅觉代码。