The Human Life Course and the Biodemography of Aging

描述(由申请人提供)：拟议的更新有三个主要目标：a)进一步详细地记录生活在前现代背景下的觅食园艺社会齐曼人的生物学、流行病学和老龄化行为，以及它如何随着文化适应而变化；b)利用更多的现代方法和个人纵向数据，检验由于沉重的传染病负担和低能量平衡，齐曼人的老龄化相对于发达国家的人加速的假设；以及c)评估私人投资机构在其研究计划过程中发展的关于人类生活史和老龄化的具体理论。为了实现这些目标，这次竞争性更新有三个具体目标。目标1是获得40岁后身体和认知功能、能量生产、发病率、并发性、死亡率和社会角色的纵向样本。目标2是确定后天免疫系统和先天免疫系统的免疫衰退率。目标3是确定血管、心脏和肾脏疾病的发生率及其相关的病因过程。该项目的继续将使我们能够建立跨越成人年龄范围的大样本的纵向概况，并模拟在前现代、高度感染的环境中达到成熟的人群中感染、营养、器官功能和损害以及身体和认知功能之间的相互作用。对于四个具体目标中的每一个，我们都会将我们的结果与美国和其他国家的结果进行比较，并对齐曼族人口中的个体差异进行建模。我们还将评估群体内部在社区和个人层面上的文化适应差异对这些结果变量的影响。在这样做的过程中，我们将模拟不断变化的经济活动、住房条件、医疗设施的使用、西班牙语能力和识字能力的影响，并将它们与健康、身体和认知状况以及死亡率的数据联系起来。感染和预期寿命或死亡率的发展梯度将为探索进化假说和探索感染、炎症和衰老病理生理学之间关系的细节提供进一步的数据。 公共卫生相关性：这一更新将提供有关传染病对南美洲前现代园艺人口的健康、功能状况和死亡率的影响的详细信息，这些人的人口状况与19世纪中叶的欧洲相似。对大量老年人的动脉、心脏和肾脏疾病的调查可以揭示饮食、能量消耗和疾病引起的炎症对生理衰老速度的相对贡献的独特见解。在所有社会中，包括当代美国人的经历。这一结果，结合美国、墨西哥和印度尼西亚等其他人口的老龄化和疾病指标，可能有助于解释过去几个世纪以来预期寿命的历史性增长。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant):There are three overarching goals for the proposed renewal: a) further document in detail the biology, epidemiology and behavior of aging among the Tsimane, a forager-horticultural society living in a pre-modern context, and how it changes with acculturation, utilizing further modern methodologies and individual longitudinal data; b) test the hypothesis that aging among the Tsimane is accelerated relative to people in developed nations due to the heavy burden of infectious disease and low energy balance; and c) evaluate a specific theory of human life history and aging developed by the PIs during the course of their research program. To accomplish these goals, there are three specific aims of this competitive renewal. Aim 1 is to obtain longitudinal sampling of physical and cognitive function, energy production, morbidity, co- morbidity, mortality, and social roles after age 40. Aim 2 is to determine rates of immunosenescence for both the acquired and innate arms of the immune system. Aim 3 is to determine rates of vascular, heart and kidney disease, and their associated etiological processes. The continuation of this project will allow us to build a longitudinal profile of a large sample of persons who span the adult age range and to model interactions between infection, nutrition, organ functioning and damage, and physical and cognitive functioning in a population that reached maturity in a pre-modern, highly infectious environment. For each of the four specific aims, we will both compare our results to those obtained in the U.S. and other countries, and model individual variation within the Tsimane population. We will also assess the effects of the within-population variance in acculturation at both the community and individual levels on those outcome variables. In so doing, we will model the effects of changing economic activities, housing conditions, use of medical facilities, Spanish competency, and literacy, and link them to data on health, physical and cognitive status, and mortality. The developing gradients of infection and life expectancy or mortality will provide further data to explore evolutionary hypotheses and to explore the details of the relationships between infection, inflammation and the pathophysiology of aging. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This renewal will provide detailed information on the impacts of infectious disease on health, functional status and mortality in a pre-modern population of forager-horticulturalists of South America experiencing similar demographic conditions as those in mid-19th century Europe. Investigation of arterial, heart and kidney disease in a large sample of older adults can reveal unique insights about the relative contributions of diet, energy expenditure and inflammation due to disease on the rate of physiological aging. In all societies including the contemporary American experience. The results, combined with measures of aging and disease in other populations such as the U.S., Mexico and Indonesia, may help to explain the historical increases in life expectancy over the past several centuries.