Multicolor Cell Membrane Profiling For Development And Disease

描述：用亲脂碳菁染料追踪神经元连接是神经解剖学的革命性追踪，是了解对照和突变小鼠脑连接发育的基本特征，特别是因为可以使用多种颜色的染料。最近，亲脂性染料在标记血管方面也取得了进展，通过直接接触内皮细胞膜来标记血管。阻碍这些极其成功的染料更广泛使用的一个长期问题是，它们与其他程序的结合有限，例如免疫染色或需要脱水才能包埋的详细组织学，因为染料分子不是永久性地结合在膜上，可能会泄漏出来，或者很容易被亲脂的溶剂或洗涤剂清洗掉。迄今为止，克服这些问题的努力充其量只能取得部分成功。因此，为了进一步扩大碳菁亲脂性染料的用途，我们建议开发可固定的碳菁染料，这种染料可以与膜结合蛋白中的赖氨酸基团结合，从而即使在用洗涤剂或有机溶剂去除脂双层后也能将染料保留在膜中。我们计划通过开发一种协议来优化这些染料的使用，该协议允许组合多个不同的荧光团，以最大化从给定的模式生物获得的信息。具体地说，我们的具体目标是：(1)合成四种光谱不同的可固定亲脂染料，其中三种用于神经束追踪，一种或血管标记，它们与组织处理和免疫细胞化学中使用的标准固定技术兼容。合成的染料将具有芳香族N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯基，为膜蛋白提供共价锚定。(2)利用光学显微镜水平的高分辨率组织学所需的处理技术，在固定组织的标准化测试系统中评估可固定染料。在这个目标中，我们将表征这些染料在有机溶剂和洗涤剂处理后在组织中保留多长时间，以及如何随着时间的推移进行清洗。我们还将描述这些染料在什么条件下能够最好地相互结合，并与免疫化学和/或死亡细胞的染色结合。(3)创建测试产品，将每种染料单独或组合销售给研究团体。我们将开发测试产品，与在SA2中开发的已公布协议一起发送给神经科学界的5-10名合作者。这三个目标结合在一起，将为与血脑屏障突破相关的研究提供有用的新试剂，如肿瘤、创伤和神经退行性疾病以及正常发育。

DESCRIPTION: Tracing neuronal connections with lipophilic carbocyanine dyes has revolutionized neuroanatomical tract tracing and is an essential feature to understand development of brain connections in both control and mutant mice in particular since multiple colors of dyes can be used. More recently, lipophilic dyes have also gained ground in labeling blood vessels by directly staining the endothelial cell membranes upon contact. A persistent problem that blocks even wider use of these extremely successful dyes is their limited combination with other procedures such as immunostaining or detailed histology that requires dehydration for embedding, since the dye molecules are not permanently bound to the membranes and can either leak out or be easily washed away by lipophilic solvents or detergents. Attempts to overcome these problems have thus far been at best partially successful. Therefore, to broaden even further the use of carbocyanine lipophilic dyes we propose to develop fixable carbocyanine dyes that can be bonded to lysine groups in membrane bound proteins thereby retaining the dyes in the membranes even after the lipid bilayers has been removed with detergents or organic solvents. We plan to optimize the use of these dyes by developing a protocol that allows combination of multiple distinct fluorophores to maximize the information gained from a given model organism. Specifically, our Specific Aims are: (1) Synthesize four spectrally distinct fixable lipophilic dyes, three for nerve tract tracing and one or blood vessel labeling, that are compatible with standard fixation techniques used in tissue processing and immunocytochemistry protocols. Dyes synthesized will feature an aromatic N-hydroxysuccinimide ester group to provide covalent anchoring to membrane proteins. (2) Evaluate fixable dyes in standardized test systems in fixed tissue using processing techniques needed for high resolution histology at the light microscope level. In this aim we will characteriz how long these dyes are retained in tissue after treatment with organic solvents and detergents and how washing out progresses over time. We will also characterize the conditions under which these dyes can be best combined with each other and with immunochemistry and/or staining for dying cells. (3) Create test products to market each dye alone or in combination to the research community. We will develop test products to be sent to 5-10 collaborators in the neuroscience community along with the published protocol developed in SA2. Combined, these three aims will provide novel reagents useful for studies related to breaches in the blood-brain barrier such as tumors, trauma and neurodegenerative diseases as well as normal development.