Characterization of the HIV-1 Latent Reservoir in CCR5-Delta 32 Heterozygotes

CCR5-Delta 32 杂合子中 HIV-1 潜伏库的表征

• 批准号: 8603539
• 负责人: Satish Kumar Pillai
• 金额: $ 22.24万
• 依托单位: VITALANT
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-15 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8603539
• 关键词: Affect; Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation; Antibodies; Base Pairing; Berlin; Blood; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Boston; CCR5 gene; CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes; CXCR4 gene; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell surface; Cells; Data; Disease; Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution; Exhibits; Gene Mutation; Genetic; Genetic Materials; Genetic Variation; Gut associated lymphoid tissue; HIV; HIV Seropositivity; HIV-1; Half-Life; Heterozygote; Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy; Human Genetics; Immune; Individual; Infection; Investigation; Kidney Diseases; Liver diseases; Lung diseases; Lymphoid Tissue; Molecular; Morbidity - disease rate; Mutation; Patients; Phenotype; Population; Reporting; Sorting - Cell Movement; Systems Biology; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Techniques; Variant; Viral; Viral Genome; Virus; Virus Diseases; chemokine receptor; deep sequencing; design; insight; interest; longitudinal design; mortality; premature; public health relevance; senescence; translational approach; virus genetics

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection, viral eradication is not achievable due to the persistence of latently- infected cells during treatment. Accumulating data suggest that "non-AIDS" cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal and hepatic diseases are amplified by HIV-1 infection, and even patients with viral suppression develop premature immune senescence. These realities have created a pronounced interest in developing strategies to eradicate HIV-1 in infected individuals. Recently, three cases have been reported that suggest a cure for HIV-1 may in fact be achievable. The "Berlin Patient" and two individuals from Boston, all of whom were HIV-positive and underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, appear to be completely devoid of HIV-1 genetic material and exhibit waning anti-HIV-1 antibody levels. All three individuals share a common feature; they are heterozygous for the CCR5-delta 32 mutation (CCR5-?32). This 32 base pair deletion in the CCR5 gene affects the expression and stability of the CCR5 chemokine receptor which is utilized as an entry coreceptor by most HIV-1 strains. The three putative cases of HIV-1 eradication in CCR5-??32 heterozygotes warrant investigation into this mutation within the context of the HIV-1 reservoir and curative strategies. CCR5-??32 heterozygotes express significantly less CCR5 at the cell surface, impeding the entry of CCR5- tropic (R5) HIV-1. We hypothesize that CCR5-??32 heterozygotes harbor a smaller and less stable reservoir due to this deficit. Firstly, initial colonization of the HIV-1 reservoir is likely impeded in CCR5-??32 heterozygotes due to restriction of viral entry, resulting in a smaller reservoir before ART initiation. Secondly, the decay of the reservoir during ART may be accelerated in CCR5-??32 heterozygotes due to skewed cellular and tissue distribution of HIV-1, modulating the turnover rate, half-life and proliferative capacity of latently infected cells. This skewed distribution maybe driven in part by selection for alternative HIV-1 coreceptor usage in CCR5-??32 heterozygotes, including enrichment of CXCR4-using (X4) viruses which preferentially infect CXCR4-expressing cells such as naive CD4+ T cells. In this proposal, we will use a systems biology, translational approach to examine the size, cellular distribution, and viral genetic composition of the HIV-1 reservoir in the blood and lymphoid tissues of HIV-1-infected CCR5-??32 heterozygotes and case-matched CCR5 wildtype individuals. This study should yield valuable insights into the cellular and molecular determinants of HIV-1 persistence and eradication.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管高度活跃的抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）的出现大大降低了与HIV-1感染相关的发病率和死亡率，但由于治疗过程中潜在受感染的细胞的持续性，无法实现病毒性消除。累积数据表明，HIV-1感染会扩大“非AID”心血管，肺，肾脏和肝疾病，甚至病毒抑制的患者也会发展出早期的免疫衰老。这些现实对制定策略来消除感染者的HIV-1产生了明显的兴趣。最近，已经报告了三个病例表明，实际上可以治愈HIV-1。 “柏林患者”和来自波士顿的两个人，他们都是HIV阳性和同种异体骨髓移植，似乎完全没有HIV-1遗传物质，并且表现出抗HIV-1抗体水平的减弱。这三个人都有一个共同的特征；它们是CCR5-DELTA 32突变的杂合（CCR5-？32）。 CCR5基因中的32个碱基对缺失会影响CCR5趋化因子受体的表达和稳定性，该趋化因子受体被大多数HIV-1菌株用作进入的共肽。 CCR5中消除HIV-1的三个假定案例 - ?? 32杂合子在HIV-1储层和治疗策略的背景下保证对该突变进行研究。 CCR5- ??​​ 32杂合子在细胞表面表达的CCR5明显较小，阻碍了CCR5-热带（R5）HIV-1的进入。我们假设CCR5- ??​​ 32杂合子由于这种赤字而具有较小且稳定的储层。首先，由于病毒进入的限制，HIV-1储层的初始定植可能会阻碍CCR5- ??​​ 32杂合子，从而导致艺术启动前较小的储层。其次，由于细胞和组织分布偏斜，HIV-1的细胞分布和组织分布，可以加速ART期间储层的衰变，从而调节了延迟感染细胞的过倍速率，半寿命和增殖能力。这种偏斜的分布可能部分是由在CCR5中选择的替代HIV-1共肽使用的选择，即杂合子，包括富集CXCR4使用的（X4）病毒，这些病毒优先感染了CXCR4表达CXCR4的细胞，例如NAIVE CD4+ T细胞。在此提案中，我们将使用系统生物学，翻译方法来检查大小，细胞分布和病毒遗传组成 HIV-1感染的CCR5的血液和淋巴组织中的HIV-1储存液 - ?? 32杂合子和病例匹配的CCR5野生型个体。这项研究应对HIV-1持久性和消除的细胞和分子决定因素产生有价值的见解。