Role of Thromboxane in the Exercise Pressor Reflex in Peripheral Artery Disease

描述（由申请人提供）：在身体活动期间，运动加压反射，一种源自骨骼肌的反馈机制，增加平均动脉压和心率，以确保工作肌肉获得足够的血流量和氧气。运动加压反射包括III组传入和IV组传入，它们被肌肉代谢的化学副产物激活。有趣的是，运动加压反射在模拟外周动脉疾病的大鼠中引起了夸张的循环反应。外周动脉疾病导致肢体缺血，并可引起间歇性跛行。在这种疾病的大鼠模型中观察到，肌肉代谢物，特别是前列腺素，可能是心血管对运动压力反射激活的过度反应的部分原因，因为它们已被证明有助于运动压力反射激活。运动已被证明可以通过增加侧支血流量和血管扩张剂的微循环表达以及减少血栓素B2（血栓素A2的稳定代谢物）的尿排泄来改善外周动脉疾病患者的步行经济性。因此，本研究将验证以下假设：前列腺素羟基化时形成的血栓素A2在外周动脉疾病中增加，导致运动压力反射增强；在模拟外周动脉疾病的大鼠中，跑步机训练减少血栓素A2的产生，从而降低心血管对运动压力反射激活的反应。通过提出的实验，我将尝试描述有和没有模拟外周动脉疾病的大鼠在静止和静态收缩时骨骼肌血栓素A2的水平。此外，通过使用血栓素A2受体拮抗剂来减弱后肢收缩的循环反应，将阐明血栓素A2对外周动脉疾病运动压力反射的贡献。这些实验将在有或没有模拟外周动脉疾病的大鼠身上重复进行，这些大鼠已经接受了跑步机训练计划。具体来说，这些研究将探讨运动训练如何影响休息和等长收缩期间血栓素A2的产生，并描述运动如何增强健康大鼠和模拟外周动脉疾病大鼠对运动加压反射激活的循环反应。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): During physical activity, the exercise pressor reflex, a feed-back mechanism originating in skeletal muscle, increases mean arterial pressure and heart rate to ensure that the working muscle is provided with adequate blood flow and oxygen. The exercise pressor reflex is comprised of group III afferents and group IV afferents, which have been shown to be activated by the chemical by-products of muscle metabolism. Interestingly, the exercise pressor reflex has been shown to elicit exaggerated circulatory responses in rats with simulated peripheral artery disease. Peripheral arterial disease leads to ischemia of the limbs and can cause intermittent claudication. It is possible that muscle metabolites, specifically prostaglandins, are partially responsible for the exaggerated cardiovascular response to exercise pressor reflex activation observed in the rat model of this disease, as they have been shown to contribute to exercise pressor reflex activation. Exercise has been proven to improve walking economy in patients with peripheral artery disease by increasing collateral blood flow and microcirculation expression of vasodilators and by decreasing urinary excretion of thromboxane B2, the stable metabolite of thromboxane A2. Therefore, the proposed study will test the hypotheses that thromboxane A2, formed when prostaglandins are hydroxylized, is increased in peripheral artery disease and contributes to the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex and that treadmill training decreases thromboxane A2 production and, subsequently, the cardiovascular response to exercise pressor reflex activation in rats with simulated peripheral artery disease. With the proposed experiments, I will attempt to describe skeletal muscle thromboxane A2 levels both at rest and during static contraction in rats with and without simulated peripheral artery disease. Additionally, the contribution of thromboxane A2 to the exercise pressor reflex in peripheral artery disease will be elucidated by using thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists to attenuate the circulatory response to hindlimb contraction. These experiments will then be repeated in rats with and without simulated peripheral artery disease that have been subjected to a treadmill training program. Specifically, these studies will address how exercise training affects thromboxane A2 production during rest and isometric contraction and describe how exercise augments the circulatory response to exercise pressor reflex activation in healthy rats and rats with simulated peripheral artery disease.