Research to control and eliminate malaria in SE Asia and SW Pacific

描述（由申请人提供）：东南亚地区疟疾研究国际卓越中心（ICEMR）的总体目标是促进了解巴布亚新几内亚（PNG）、所罗门群岛和瓦努阿图控制和消除疟疾的国家和地区计划如何影响恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫的流行病学、传播和发病机制/免疫力。3种不同地方性环境中的感染和发病率，代表了广泛的疟疾地方性（巴布亚新几内亚大陆的全地方性，巴布亚新几内亚新不列颠东部的中度/低度地方性，以及所罗门群岛西部省的低度地方性）。一个相关的目标是建设地方能力和基础设施，以监测、评价和指导该区域国家卫生当局目前和今后使用的疟疾干预措施。传播和发病机理/免疫研究项目2和3与流行病学项目1相结合，后者将在所有三个流行地点评价由于逐步部署类似的疟疾干预措施而导致的疟疾感染和疾病模式的变化-免费、普及、长效杀虫剂处理的蚊帐和疟疾的循证快速诊断以及蒿甲醚-苯芴醇治疗。研究和基础设施增强活动将由符合GCP的数据库/生物统计学和分子诊断核心服务。该计划的独特之处包括：鉴于预期间日疟原虫对控制和消除的抵抗力更强，有可能获得对间日疟原虫相对于恶性疟原虫的控制的新见解;改善对在东南亚和太平洋地区传播疟疾的按蚊的贫乏知识（主要是按蚊）。这些活动包括：了解传播减少如何影响恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫的遗传学，进一步了解持续接触作为发展和维持抗疟疾天然获得性免疫力的先决条件的重要性，以及各种干预措施对免疫介导的保护的影响。ICEMR在该网站的一个优势是有机会迅速将研究结果转移到国家疟疾控制计划的监测，评估和实施目标。ICEMR项目和核心之间的协同作用以及将ICEMR的研究结果纳入国家方案将有助于解决与当地和东南亚地区疟疾控制和消除有关的尚未解决的关键问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall objective of this International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research (ICEMR) in the SE Asia region is to advance knowledge of how national and regional programs to control and eliminate malaria in Papua New Guinea (PNG), Solomon Islands and Vanuatu affect the epidemiology, transmission and pathogenesis/immunity of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. Infection and morbidity in 3 distinct endemic settings which represent a wide spectrum of malaria endemicity (holoendemic in mainland PNG, meso/hypoendemic in East New Britain PNG, and hypoendemic in Western Province, Solomon Islands). A related goal is to build local capacity and infrastructure to monitor, evaluate and guide ongoing and future malaria interventions used by national health authorities in the region. Transmission and Pathogenesis/immunity Research Projects 2 and 3 are integrated with Epidemiology Project 1 that will evaluate in all three endemic sites the changing patterns of malaria infection and disease that result from progressive deployment of similar malaria interventions - free universal long lasting insecticide treated bed nets and rapid evidence based diagnosis of malaria and treatment with artemether-lumefantrine. Research and infrastructure enhancing activities will be served by GCP compliant Database/Biostatistics and Molecular Diagnostics Cores. Unique features of the program include the potential for gaining novel insight into the control of P. vivax relative to P. falciparum given the anticipated greater resilience of the former to control and elimination, improvement of the meager knowledge of anophelines that transmit malaria in this region of SE Asia and the Pacific (primarily An. punctulatus), appreciation of how diminishing transmission affects P. falciparum and P. vivax genetics, and greater understanding of the significance of continuing exposure as a prerequisite for developing and maintaining naturally acquired immunity against malaria and the impact of various interventions on immune-mediated protection. An advantage of an ICEMR in this site Is the opportunity to rapidly transfer research findings to the monitoring, evaluation and implementation goals of national malaria control programs. Synergy among the ICEMR projects and cores and incorporation ICEMR findings into national programs will help answer unresolved key issues related to malaria control and elimination locally and in the SE Asia region.