Research to control and eliminate malaria in SE Asia and SW Pacific

描述（由申请人提供）：东南亚地区国际疟疾研究卓越中心 (ICEMR) 的总体目标是增进人们对巴布亚新几内亚 (PNG)、所罗门群岛和瓦努阿图控制和消除疟疾的国家和地区计划如何影响恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫的流行病学、传播和发病机制/免疫的了解。三种不同的流行环境中的感染和发病率，代表了广泛的疟疾流行（巴布亚新几内亚大陆的全流行、巴布亚新不列颠东部的中流行/低流行以及所罗门群岛西部省的低流行）。一个相关目标是建设当地能力和基础设施，以监测、评估和指导该地区国家卫生当局当前和未来使用的疟疾干预措施。传播和发病机制/免疫研究项目 2 和 3 与流行病学项目 1 相结合，该项目将评估所有三个流行地区因逐步部署类似的疟疾干预措施而导致的疟疾感染和疾病的变化模式——免费的通用长效杀虫剂处理的蚊帐和疟疾的快速循证诊断以及蒿甲醚-本芴醇治疗。研究和基础设施增强活动将由符合 GCP 的数据库/生物统计和分子诊断核心提供服务。该计划的独特之处包括：鉴于预期前者对控制和消除的能力更强，有可能对间日疟的控制获得新的见解；提高对在东南亚和太平洋地区传播疟疾的按蚊（主要是点状按蚊）的了解；了解减少传播如何影响恶性疟和间日疟；以及更好地理解持续接触作为发展和消除疟疾的先决条件的重要性。维持针对疟疾的自然获得免疫力以及各种干预措施对免疫介导的保护的影响。本网站 ICEMR 的优势在于有机会将研究成果快速转化为国家疟疾控制计划的监测、评估和实施目标。 ICEMR 项目和核心之间的协同作用以及将 ICEMR 调查结果纳入国家计划将有助于解决与当地和东南亚地区疟疾控制和消除相关的未解决的关键问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall objective of this International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research (ICEMR) in the SE Asia region is to advance knowledge of how national and regional programs to control and eliminate malaria in Papua New Guinea (PNG), Solomon Islands and Vanuatu affect the epidemiology, transmission and pathogenesis/immunity of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. Infection and morbidity in 3 distinct endemic settings which represent a wide spectrum of malaria endemicity (holoendemic in mainland PNG, meso/hypoendemic in East New Britain PNG, and hypoendemic in Western Province, Solomon Islands). A related goal is to build local capacity and infrastructure to monitor, evaluate and guide ongoing and future malaria interventions used by national health authorities in the region. Transmission and Pathogenesis/immunity Research Projects 2 and 3 are integrated with Epidemiology Project 1 that will evaluate in all three endemic sites the changing patterns of malaria infection and disease that result from progressive deployment of similar malaria interventions - free universal long lasting insecticide treated bed nets and rapid evidence based diagnosis of malaria and treatment with artemether-lumefantrine. Research and infrastructure enhancing activities will be served by GCP compliant Database/Biostatistics and Molecular Diagnostics Cores. Unique features of the program include the potential for gaining novel insight into the control of P. vivax relative to P. falciparum given the anticipated greater resilience of the former to control and elimination, improvement of the meager knowledge of anophelines that transmit malaria in this region of SE Asia and the Pacific (primarily An. punctulatus), appreciation of how diminishing transmission affects P. falciparum and P. vivax genetics, and greater understanding of the significance of continuing exposure as a prerequisite for developing and maintaining naturally acquired immunity against malaria and the impact of various interventions on immune-mediated protection. An advantage of an ICEMR in this site Is the opportunity to rapidly transfer research findings to the monitoring, evaluation and implementation goals of national malaria control programs. Synergy among the ICEMR projects and cores and incorporation ICEMR findings into national programs will help answer unresolved key issues related to malaria control and elimination locally and in the SE Asia region.