Function and organization of the Drosophila pharynx

果蝇咽部的功能和组织

• 批准号: 8592137
• 负责人: Ryan Matthew Joseph
• 金额: $ 5.22万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8592137
• 关键词: Address; Afferent Neurons; Altered Taste; Animal Model; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Blood capillaries; Consumption; Defect; Deglutition; Detection; Diet; Dimensions; Disease; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Environment; Family; Feeding behaviors; Food; Gastrointestinal tract structure; Genetic; Glutamate Receptor; Health; Human; Insect Control; Insect Vectors; Insecta; Investigation; Laboratories; Lead; Location; Mediating; Methods; Modality; Modeling; Molecular; Muscle; Mutation; Neurons; Obesity; Organ; Organism; Outcome; Perception; Pharyngeal structure; Play; Property; RNA Interference; Receptor Gene; Regulation; Role; Sensory; Series; Smell Perception; Solutions; Sucrose; Taste Perception; Testing; Toxin; Transgenic Organisms; base; capillary; design; feeding; fly; gastrointestinal system; human disease; indexing; loss of function; mutant; novel; preference; public health relevance; receptor; research study; response; sweet taste perception; time use

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objective of this proposal is to characterize fundamental properties of chemosensory function, using gustatory neurons in the pharynx of Drosophila melanogaster as a model for investigating taste-based behaviors. Small numbers of gustatory neurons can have large effects on feeding in model organisms like Drosophila, where evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of taste perception can be studied using a robust neuro-genetic toolkit. The first aim is to test if the Drosophila pharynx mediates either the acceptance or rejection of food into the digestive tract. These experiments will address a major issue: despite their possible role in dietary regulation, remarkably little is known about how pharyngeal neurons influence feeding. Pharyngeal neurons in transgenic flies will be specifically tested~ I will inducibly silence or activate only pharyngeal neurons during a series of feedin assays. A likely outcome of this aim is that the manipulation of certain pharyngeal sensory neurons will cause changes in feeding responses, thereby substantiating the relatively uncharacterized Drosophila pharynx as a feeding "checkpoint" that mediates acceptance or rejection of different foods. The second aim is to test whether a novel family of ionotropic glutamate receptors (IRs) is functionally required for sensory detection in pharyngeal neurons. IR genes appear to be expressed in pharyngeal sensory neurons, but their role in gustatory sensing has not yet been tested. To address this issue, I will assay the feeding responses of both mutants and targeted RNAi knockdown flies that possess a loss-of-function in different IR genes. The demonstration that IRs are required for gustatory responses would have significant implications for taste perception, since IRs have thus far only been implicated in olfactory sensing. Defects in gustatory detection diminish an organism's ability to avoid dangers in the environment, and changes to chemosensory perception may have drastic effects on dietary regulation, as recent studies suggest altering taste sensitivities can lead to increased rates of obesity in humans. Thus, uncovering basic principles of taste perception could lead to new methods of controlling insect vectors of disease and managing human dietary regulation.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案的长期目标是表征化学感应功能的基本特性，使用果蝇咽中咽中的味觉神经元作为研究基于味觉行为的模型。 少量的味觉神经元可以对果蝇等模型生物中的进食产生很大的影响，在这种模型生物中，可以使用强大的神经基因工具包研究进化保守的味觉感知机制。 第一个目的是测试果蝇咽是否介导接受或 将食物拒绝对消化道。这些实验将解决一个主要问题：尽管它们在饮食调节中可能作用，但对咽神经元如何影响喂养的知之甚少。转基因苍蝇中的咽神经元将经过特异性测试〜我将在一系列饲料分析过程中诱使沉默或仅激活咽神经元。该目标的一个可能结果是，对某些咽感觉神经元的操纵将导致喂养反应的变化，从而证实相对未表征的果蝇咽部作为喂养“检查点”，以介导对不同食物的接受或排斥。 第二个目的是测试新型的离子型谷氨酸受体（IRS）是否在咽神经元中的感觉检测需要功能。 IR基因似乎在咽感觉神经元中表达，但尚未测试它们在味觉传感中的作用。 为了解决这个问题，我将分析突变体和靶向RNAi敲低苍蝇的喂养反应，这些苍蝇在不同的IR基因中具有功能丧失。味觉反应所必需的IRS所必需的证明将对味觉感知产生重大影响，因为到目前为止，IRS仅与嗅觉感应有关。 味觉检测的缺陷降低了生物体避免环境危险的能力，并且对化学感知感知的变化可能会对饮食调节产生巨大影响，因为最近的研究表明，改变口味敏感性会导致人类肥胖率的提高。因此，发现味觉感知的基本原理可能会导致新的控制疾病昆虫媒介和管理人类饮食调节的方法。