Research and Mentoring in AA-related Mechanisms of Change

AA 相关变革机制的研究和指导

• 批准号: 8443048
• 负责人: J. SCOTT TONIGAN
• 金额: $ 17.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-05 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8443048
• 关键词: Abstinence; Accounting; Achievement; Address; Alcohol dependence; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcoholics Anonymous; Alcoholism; Alcohols; Area; Award; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Model; Belief; Books; Cocaine; Cognitive; Collaborations; Coping Skills; Data; Decision Making; Development Plans; Distal; Educational workshop; Emotions; Exanthema; Exercise; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Impulsive Behavior; Impulsivity; Individual; Investigation; Knowledge; Life; Longitudinal Studies; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Meditation; Mentors; Modeling; Nature; Neurocognitive; Neuropsychology; Outcome; Patient Self-Report; Pilot Projects; Prayers; Process; Quality of life; Reaction Time; Recovery; Relapse; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Scientist; Severities; Signal Transduction; Structure; Sum; System; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Tobacco; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; addiction; base; behavior measurement; brain behavior; career; career development; discount; discounting; drinking behavior; executive function; experience; indexing; longitudinal design; meetings; member; neurobehavioral; non-alcoholic; patient oriented research; problem drinker; prospective; public health relevance; rehearsal; relating to nervous system; research study; response; skills; substance abuser; symposium; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is helpful to many, but not all, substance abusers. Eight studies have now reported that increased spiritual practices account, in part, for AA-related benefit. Our work indicates that increased prayer and meditation "drive" the salutary actions of spiritual practices although the underlying reasons for this effect have yet to be investigated. This revised application responds to PA-11-195, Mid-Career Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24), and seeks 50% protected time for 5 years for Dr.Tonigan to initiate a new line of AA research that investigates whether self-reported increases in spiritual practices mobilize reductions in immediate reward bias (Boettiger et al., 2007), a cognitive-behavioral effect that would provide far-reaching protective benefit against relapse. The proposed research is highly significant because it represents one of the first theory-driven efforts to integrate self-report and behavioral data to understand underlying change processes in AA. The overall objective of the career development plan (25% FTE) is to provide Dr. Tonigan with the knowledge and skills that are necessary to initiate the investigation of the executive and impulsive-based decision-making systems underlying immediate reward bias (Bickel et al., 2011).To this end, coursework is proposed in the areas of neurocognitive measurement, impaired executive functioning and impulsivity, and brain-behavior neural linkages. Structured collaborations will consolidate and deepen these knowledge gains in addition to providing "hands-on" training in the administration and analysis of behavioral measures that are central to study immediate reward bias. Statistical workshops are also proposed to strengthen Dr. Tonigan's ability to use categorical outcomes in unbalanced longitudinal designs. A single- group longitudinal study of early AA members (N = 100) is proposed. Prospective hypotheses are guided by an empirically supported model of neurobehavioral decision-making processes (Bickel, et al., 2001), and will be tested using measures of self-reported prayer practices, stop-signal reaction time, impulsivity, and delay discounting rates collected five-times over 12-months. Protected time is also requested to mentor four outstanding prospective scientists focused on alcohol-related change mechanism research (25% FTE). The mentoring plan includes weekly meetings with mentees, clear mentoring objectives, and an annual conference for mentees to present their current work and future plans to local NIH investigators. The career development activities, pilot research, and mentoring aims are tightly integrated and mutually reinforcing. Achievement of the revised K24 aims will (1) add significant momentum to the career trajectories of four outstanding prospective investigators, and (2) will provide Dr. Tonigan with the necessary foundation and pilot data to launch a line of AA-based research that significantly advances how processes of change are studied in AA.

描述（由申请人提供）：匿名酗酒者（AA）是有帮助的许多，但不是所有，药物滥用者。现在有八项研究报告说，增加精神练习部分地解释了AA相关的好处。我们的工作表明，增加祈祷和冥想“驱动器”的精神实践的有益行为，虽然这种效果的根本原因 还有待调查。此修订后的申请响应PA-11-195，以病人为导向的研究（K24）中的职业中期奖，并为Tonigan博士寻求5年50%的保护时间，以启动一项新的AA研究，该研究调查自我报告的精神实践增加是否会减少立即奖励偏见（Boettiger等人，2007），这是一种认知行为效应，将提供深远的保护作用，防止复发。拟议的研究是非常重要的，因为它代表了第一个理论驱动的努力，整合自我报告和行为数据，以了解潜在的变化过程中AA。职业发展计划（25% FTE）的总体目标是为Tonigan博士提供启动对高管调查所需的知识和技能， 基于冲动的决策系统是直接奖励偏差的基础（Bickel等人，为此，建议在神经认知测量、受损的执行功能和冲动以及大脑-行为神经联系等领域开展课程。结构化的合作将巩固和深化这些知识的收获，除了提供“动手”的管理培训和分析的行为措施，是中央研究立即奖励偏见。统计研讨会也建议加强Tonigan博士的能力，使用分类结果不平衡的纵向设计。建议对早期AA成员（N = 100）进行单组纵向研究。前瞻性假设由神经行为决策过程的经验支持模型指导（Bickel等人，2001年），并将使用自我报告的祈祷实践，停止信号反应时间，冲动和延迟折扣率的措施进行测试，收集了五次超过12个月。还要求保护时间来指导四位专注于酒精相关变化机制研究的杰出未来科学家（25% FTE）。指导计划包括每周与学员的会议，明确的指导目标，以及学员向当地NIH调查人员介绍其当前工作和未来计划的年度会议。职业发展活动、试点研究和指导目标紧密结合，相辅相成。修订后的K24目标的实现将（1）为四位杰出的潜在研究者的职业轨迹增加显著的动力，（2）将为Tonigan博士提供 与必要的基础和试点数据，推出一系列基于AA的研究，显着推进如何在AA的变化过程进行研究。