Investigating Frontoparietal and Occipitotemporal Contributions to Awareness

研究额顶叶和枕颞叶对意识的贡献

• 批准号: 8506043
• 负责人: DIANE MARIE BECK
• 金额: $ 37.57万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-03-01 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8506043
• 关键词: Accommodation phosphene; Alzheimer' s Disease; Area; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Autistic Disorder; Awareness; Binocular rivalry; Brain; Brain Diseases; Conscious; Data; Event; Eye; Feedback; Goals; Head; Hemianopsia; Image; Inferior; Knowledge; Light; Literature; Maps; Masks; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Ocular Prosthesis; Optics; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Physiologic pulse; Play; Process; Recurrence; Relative (related person); Research; Resolution; Role; Schizophrenia; Services; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Syndrome; System; Time; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Vision; Vision Disorders; Visual; Visual Agnosias; Visual Cortex; Visual Fields; Work; base; design; experience; frontal eye fields; insight; neglect; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; theories; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A visual event can often go unnoticed, even though it can be readily detected at other times. What are the neural mechanisms that determine whether or not we are aware of a visual event? In the proposed set of experiments we plan to investigate the neural underpinnings of visual awareness. In particular, we propose a novel combination of neuroimaging with high temporal and spatial resolution and direct perturbation of cortical activity to understand the interactions between frontoparietal and occipitotemporal cortex in the service of visual awareness. Because the interactions among cortical areas responsible for our final percept happen on a short time scale, they have been inherently difficult to map out. The high spatial and temporal resolution of the event-related optical signal (EROS) allows us to measure these fast interactions between areas. Furthermore, by combining EROS with single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) we can not only measure the neural response to stimuli but also observe the response of the system to perturbations (via TMS) of specific nodes in the network. These methods will allow us to determine whether awareness depends on feedback from frontoparietal cortex as well as contribution of frontoparietal activity to ongoing oscillatory brain activity and its influnce on awareness. Across all the experiments proposed here, we will gain valuable insight into the interactions of frontoparietal and occipitotemporal mechanisms responsible for our visual experience. Such knowledge can have implications for normal vision and a range of visual disorders that are cortical in their origin, such as hemianopia and the visual agnosias, as well as provide valuable information for designing visual prostheses. A deeper understanding of the frontoparietal network and its interaction with ongoing processing in visual cortex could also provide insight to a variety of attention-related brain disorders such as Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), unilateral neglect syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, autism and schizophrenia.

描述（由申请人提供）： 一个视觉事件通常会被忽视，即使它在其他时候很容易被发现。决定我们是否意识到视觉事件的神经机制是什么？在所提出的一系列实验中，我们计划研究视觉意识的神经基础。特别是，我们提出了一种新的组合的神经成像与高的时间和空间分辨率和直接扰动的皮层活动，以了解额顶叶和枕颞叶皮层之间的相互作用，在视觉意识的服务。因为负责我们最终感知的皮层区域之间的相互作用发生在很短的时间尺度上，它们本来就很难绘制出来。事件相关光信号（EROS）的高空间和时间分辨率使我们能够测量这些区域之间的快速相互作用。此外，通过将EROS与单脉冲经颅磁刺激（TMS）相结合，我们不仅可以测量对刺激的神经反应，还可以观察系统对网络中特定节点的扰动（通过TMS）的反应。这些方法将使我们能够确定意识是否依赖于来自额顶叶皮层的反馈，以及额顶叶活动对正在进行的振荡脑活动的贡献及其对意识的影响。在这里提出的所有实验中，我们将获得有价值的洞察额顶叶和枕颞叶机制的相互作用，负责我们的视觉体验。这些知识可能对正常视力和一系列起源于皮质的视觉障碍有影响，例如偏盲和视觉失认症，以及 为视觉假体的设计提供了有价值的信息。更深入地了解额顶网络及其与视觉皮层中正在进行的处理的相互作用也可以提供对各种与注意力相关的大脑疾病的见解，例如注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD），单侧忽视综合征，阿尔茨海默病，自闭症和精神分裂症。