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Quantifying the Recovery Response and Role of Hand Strength During Ladder Falls

量化梯子跌倒期间手部力量的恢复反应和作用

基本信息

批准号：
8546211
负责人：
MOHAMMAD H RAHMAN
金额：
$ 19.08万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-09-01 至 2015-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8546211
关键词：
Quantifying Recovery Response Role Hand

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Falls from ladders represent one of the leading causes of occupational injuries and fatalities. The primary factors contributing to falls from ladders are missteps and foot slips, which cause foot de-coupling from the rung leading to a fall. After a slip/misstep occurs, a person must rely on their hands as well as the foot opposite to the misstep to stop their fall and regain balance on the ladder. This response must be executed rapidly and requires coordination between the upper and lower body. Currently, there is a key gap in knowledge related to the ability of a person to recover from slips and missteps during climbing and the biomechanical response necessary to achieve this recovery using the upper or lower limbs. The overall objective of this R21 proposal is to gain quantitative knowledge on biomechanical causes and recovery response from a ladder fall as well as the role of hand strength in recovering from a ladder slip and misstep. The rationale is that successful completion of this objective will lead to improved ladder rung design and climbing practices that maximize the likelihood of a recovery and ultimately reduce ladder fall injuries and fatalities. Specific aim #1 is to characterize the sensorimotor process to a ladder misstep and slip. The first objective is to identify the sensory system that is most critical for detecting that a misstep/slip has occurred. The second objective is to identify the muscle groups that are most responsible for recovery from the perturbation. The coordinated upper- and lower- body response to slips and missteps will be characterized. To accomplish this specific aim, subjects will be exposed to both a simulated misstep and slip during ascent of a ladder by having a rung of the ladder automatically release and a rung freely spin, respectively, while available sensory input and motor response are recorded. Sensory system input will be characterized by foot forces and center of pressure for foot somatosensation, hand forces for hand somatosensation, joint angles for proprioception, and head acceleration for vestibular sensation. The biomechanical response to the misstep/slip will be characterized by recording the joint moments, muscle activity and work performed in the upper and lower body during the response. Onset and magnitude of deviations of the sensorimotor response during perturbation compared to unperturbed ladder climbing as well as the sequencing of muscle activity will be determined to identify the critical sensory system for detecting a perturbation and critical motor response fo recovery. Specific aim #2 is to determine the role of hand strength on a person's ability to recover from ladder fall. The hypothesis is that subjects' hand strength is significantly associate with the perturbation outcome (fall vs. recovery). The perturbation outcome rate will be compared across three subject groups with different levels of hand strength. The hypothesis will be supported if the low hand strength group falls more frequently than other groups. This research represents a step closer to the long-term goal to prevent fatal and disabling injuries from falls on ladders by implementing ergonomic design changes based upon biomechanical factors involved in falls.

描述（由申请人提供）：从梯子上坠落是造成职业伤害和死亡的主要原因之一。导致从梯子上跌倒的主要因素是失步和脚滑，这会导致脚与梯级脱离，从而导致跌倒。发生滑倒/失误后，人必须依靠自己的手以及与失误相反的脚来阻止跌倒并在梯子上恢复平衡。这种反应必须迅速执行，并且需要上半身和下半身之间的协调。目前，关于一个人在攀岩过程中从滑倒和失误中恢复的能力以及使用上肢或下肢实现这种恢复所需的生物力学反应的知识存在重大差距。该 R21 提案的总体目标是获得有关生物力学原因和梯子跌倒恢复反应的定量知识，以及手部力量在从梯子滑倒和失误中恢复的作用。理由是，成功完成这一目标将改进梯级设计和攀爬实践，从而最大限度地提高恢复的可能性，并最终减少梯子坠落伤害和死亡。具体目标#1 是描述梯子失步和滑倒的感觉运动过程。第一个目标是识别对于检测是否发生失误/滑倒最关键的感觉系统。第二个目标是确定对从扰动中恢复最负责的肌肉群。将描述上半身和下半身对滑倒和失误的协调反应。为了实现这一特定目标，受试者将在梯子上升过程中通过让梯子的横档自动释放和横档自由旋转来模拟失步和滑倒，同时记录可用的感觉输入和运动反应。感觉系统输入的特征在于足部体感的脚力和压力中心、手部体感的手力、本体感觉的关节角度以及前庭感觉的头部加速度。对失步/滑倒的生物力学响应将通过记录响应过程中的关节力矩、肌肉活动和上半身和下半身所做的工作来表征。与不受干扰的爬梯相比，扰动期间感觉运动反应的偏差的发生和幅度以及肌肉活动的顺序将被确定，以识别用于检测扰动和恢复的关键运动反应的关键感觉系统。具体目标#2 是确定手部力量对一个人从梯子跌落中恢复的能力的作用。假设受试者的手部力量与扰动结果（跌倒与恢复）显着相关。将比较具有不同手部力量水平的三个受试者组的扰动结果率。如果低手力量组比其他组更频繁地摔倒，则该假设将得到支持。这项研究通过根据跌倒所涉及的生物力学因素实施人体工程学设计变更，距离防止梯子跌倒造成致命和致残伤害的长期目标又近了一步。