New Technologies, Novel Diseases; Industrial Illness in 20th Century Rayon Manufa

描述（由申请人提供）： 本计画的目标是完成一本学术性的专著，“新技术，新疾病：世纪人造丝制造业的工业病”。“这将审查一个采用独特制造工艺的明确定义的行业与严重疾病的广泛爆发有着千丝万缕的联系，这些疾病在其劳动力中成为地方病。这一行业跨越了整个世纪，在这一时期继续造成工业疾病。本案例研究提出了一个核心问题：当一项新技术导致新的不良健康影响时，有效预防措施的障碍和促进因素是什么？这本专著，在六个主要章节，将整合思想史（技术创新和医学识别的一种新的危险），政治经济史（研究什么是早期，甚至是原型的跨国企业），和社会史（粘胶既是一个关键的战争物资和大众市场的消费品）。该分析将采用历史叙述的方法，以粘胶行业中二氧化碳引起的职业病为案例研究。研究材料将来自：对主要出版的医学科学材料的系统调查（包括期刊文章、教科书和科学会议记录）;主要法规和其他政府材料（含劳动监察资料）;其他公开资料（如工业历史和传记来源）;档案和其他资源（例如，与社会历史方面有关的材料，如流行文化的文物）。新技术的引入，毒性的出现，其生物医学的认识，有关问题的知识的传播，以及行业，受影响的员工和政府机构的反应，都将被考虑。目标受众包括：职业和环境卫生临床医生和公共卫生从业人员;医学、技术、科学研究、社会研究和经济学历史学家;以及政策制定者和监管者。拟议的项目是重要的，因为它解决了跨国历史的一个欠研究的主题在职业健康与重要的当代影响的疾病预防。该项目与公共卫生的相关性源于吸取过去的教训更好地为我们未来的保护策略提供信息的方式，特别是在新技术带来的新威胁方面。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The aim of this proposed project is to complete a scholarly, book-length monograph, "New Technologies, Novel Diseases: Industrial Illness in 20th Century Rayon Manufacturing." This will examine the manner in which a well-defined industry employing a unique manufacturing process was inextricably linked to a widespread outbreak of severe disease with continuing manifestations of toxicity that became endemic within its workforce. This industry spanned the entirety of the 20th century, continuing to cause industrial illnesses throughout this period. This case study poses the central question: When a new technology leads to novel adverse health effects, what are the barriers to and promoting factors for effective preventive measures? This monograph, in six principal chapters, will integrate intellectual history (technological innovation and the medical recognition of a novel hazard), political-economic history (studying what was an early and even prototypical multinational enterprise), and social history (viscose being both a key war materiel and a mass-marketed consumer product). The analysis will approach carbon disulfide-caused occupational disease in the viscose industry as a case study, employing an historical narrative approach. Study materials will be derived from: systematic survey of primary published medico-scientific materials (including journal articles, textbooks, and scientific meeting proceedings); primary regulatory and other governmental materials (including labor inspection data); other published materials (such industrial histories and biographical sources); archival and other resources (for example, material related to social historical aspects, such as artifacts of popular culture). The introduction of new technologies, the emergence of toxicity, its biomedical recognition, the dissemination of knowledge regarding the problem, and the responses of the industry, affected employees, and governmental agents, will all be considered. The target audience includes: occupational and environmental health clinicians and public health practitioners; historians of medicine, technology, science studies, social studies, and economics; and policy makers and regulators. The proposed project is significant because it addresses the transnational history of an understudied topic in occupational health with important contemporary implications for disease prevention. The relevance of this project to public health arises from the ways in which learning the lessons of the past better informs our protective strategies going forward in time, particularly insofar as emerging threats from novel technologies are concerned.