Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Late-Life Mortality: Sex and Race Differences

童年社会经济地位和晚年死亡率：性别和种族差异

• 批准号: 8323228
• 负责人: Tetyana Pudrovska
• 金额: $ 6.11万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8323228
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Awareness; Cardiovascular system; Cause of Death; Characteristics; Childhood; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Complex; Data; Diabetes Mellitus; Digestive System Disorders; Disadvantaged; Disease; Education; Elderly; Environment; Environmental Exposure; Epidemiology; Equation; Ethnic Origin; Etiology; Family; Fathers; Gender; Health; Health behavior; Heart Diseases; Heterogeneity; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Life Style; Link; Logistic Regressions; Longitudinal Studies; Longitudinal Surveys; Lung diseases; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of liver; Marital Status; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Methods; Modeling; Morality; Occupations; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Prevention; Preventive Intervention; Public Health; Publications; Race; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Retirement; Risk; Sex Characteristics; Smoking; Socioeconomic Status; Staging; Structural Models; Testing; Time; Wisconsin; Woman; cardiovascular risk factor; improved; low socioeconomic status; malignant stomach neoplasm; men; mortality; racial difference; social; socioeconomics

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Socioeconomic status (SES) of the family of origin is a fundamental indicator of multiple and diverse environmental exposures that might be implicated in chronic disease etiology and survival. Research indicates that men and women with lower SES during childhood have an increased risk of mortality, independent of their socioeconomic characteristics in adulthood. The most consistent link has been established between lower childhood SES and an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality. In addition, men and women from lower-SES families of origin have elevated mortality from respiratory and digestive diseases, diabetes, smoking-related cancers, and stomach and liver cancers. Yet existing research is characterized by several limitations. In most studies, early-life SES was assessed with one measure, typically fathers' education or occupation, often retrospectively. Moreover, few studies have explicitly examined gender and race differences in the effect of early-life SES on mortality and in the life course pathways explaining this effect. Finally, the mediating mechanisms linking childhood SES and adult mortality remain unclear. An important task is to broaden the methodological arsenal of life course epidemiology by employing methods that are consistent with the theoretical emphasis on life course pathways. Using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study and the Health and Retirement Study, I will apply Cox regression and structural equation modeling to examine the effect of early-life SES on all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer morality in later life as well as gender and race differences in this effect. Further, I propose to explore socioeconomic characteristics, marital status, and health behaviors in adulthood as mediators of the associations between early-life SES and late-life mortality. Finally, I will analyze whether and how causal pathways linking early-life SES and later-life mortality differ by gender and race. The proposed study will provide new evidence of life course trajectories of social advantage and disadvantage and heterogeneity of these trajectories by gender and race/ethnicity. Moreover, the exploration of mechanisms linking early-life socioeconomic environment to all-cause and cause-specific mortality in later life will improve our understanding of life stages that may be potentially the most important for prevention efforts.

描述（由申请人提供）：原生家庭的社会经济地位（SES）是多种环境暴露的基本指标，可能与慢性病病因和生存有关。研究表明，童年时期社会经济地位较低的男性和女性的死亡风险会增加，而与成年后的社会经济特征无关。儿童社会经济地位较低与心血管死亡风险升高之间存在最一致的联系。此外，来自社会经济地位较低家庭的男性和女性因呼吸系统和消化系统疾病、糖尿病、吸烟相关癌症、胃癌和肝癌的死亡率较高。 然而现有的研究存在一些局限性。在大多数研究中，生命早期的社会经济地位是通过一项措施来评估的，通常是回顾性的，通常是父亲的教育或职业。此外，很少有研究明确检验早期社会经济地位对死亡率的影响以及解释这种影响的生命历程路径中的性别和种族差异。最后，儿童社会经济地位与成人死亡率之间的中介机制仍不清楚。一项重要任务是通过采用与生命历程路径理论强调一致的方法来扩大生命历程流行病学的方法库。 我将使用威斯康星州纵向研究和健康与退休研究的数据，应用 Cox 回归和结构方程模型来研究早期社会经济地位对晚年全因道德、心血管道德和癌症道德的影响，以及这种影响中的性别和种族差异。此外，我建议探索成年期的社会经济特征、婚姻状况和健康行为，作为早期社会经济地位和晚年死亡率之间关联的中介因素。最后，我将分析早期社会经济地位与晚年死亡率之间的因果关系是否以及如何因性别和种族而异。 拟议的研究将为社会优势和劣势的生命历程轨迹以及这些轨迹按性别和种族/民族划分的异质性提供新的证据。此外，探索将早期社会经济环境与晚年全因和特定原因死亡率联系起来的机制将提高我们对生命阶段的理解，这可能对预防工作来说是最重要的。