How economic and neighborhood factors modify effects of school obesity policies

摘要 这是为Daniel Taber博士申请独立之路奖(K99/R00)的申请书，他是一名 华盛顿大学卫生研究与政策研究所(IHRP)博士后研究助理 伊利诺伊州芝加哥大学(UIC)。泰伯博士是一名年轻的调查员，专门研究学校的影响-- 基于旨在改善饮食和减少儿童肥胖的政策。他还专门研究 研究学校政策有效性中的种族/民族差异。K99/R00奖将使他能够扩大 他的政策研究转向学校以外的部门，因为他审查了经济、环境和政策 社区中的措施(例如税收、分区法)改变了基于学校的立法的效果。他的 建议的研究包括系统动力学建模，旨在模拟 不同部门的政策。许多专家建议将系统科学应用于肥胖政策。 但系统科学的应用在很大程度上是理论上的。泰伯博士接受了介绍性介绍 2011年在系统科学与健康研究所(ISSH)进行的系统动力学培训，现在正在提议 在这一领域进行深入的培训。他提议的培训将包括：1)系统中的正式课程 动态，2)经济和环境政策倡议的一对一培训，3)一对一的培训 研究差距和政策举措的经济方法。 为了实现这些目标，他组建了一支具有公共政策专业知识的指导团队(杰米博士 经济学(Frank Chaloupka博士，UIC)和系统动力学(Hazhir Rahmanda博士，弗吉尼亚州 技术)。Chriqui博士和Chaloupka博士有数十年研究经济和环境的经验 与药物滥用有关的政策，目前正在进行开创性的研究，以研究 这样的政策可以预防肥胖。Rahmanda博士是Taber博士在ISSH的导师，在 系统动力学，目前正在进行肥胖研究，以 研究能量平衡的动力学。泰伯博士的导师将指导他完成他提出的研究，在 他将研究社区的经济和环境特征是否会改变 以学校为基础的政策(目标1和2)，分析这些特征是否有助于种族/民族 权重状况和政策有效性的差异(目标3)，并应用系统动力学来分析影响 不同部门的政策倡议在饮食、体重状况和种族/民族体重差异方面 青少年的状况(目标4)。这项研究将构成R01申请的基础，在该申请中，他将 设计更深入的系统动力学研究，以研究肥胖政策的影响，他将完成 本申请于本奖项的R00阶段结束前提交。

Abstract This is an application for the Pathway to Independence Award (K99/R00) for Dr. Daniel Taber, a postdoctoral research associate at the Institute for Health Research and Policy (IHRP) at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). Dr. Taber is a young investigator who specializes in studying the effects of school- based policies that are designed to improve diet and reduce obesity among children. He also specializes in studying racial/ethnic disparities in school policy effectiveness. The K99/R00 award will enable him to expand his policy research to sectors outside of school, as he examines how economic, environmental, and policy measures in the community (e.g., taxes, zoning laws) modify the effects of school-based legislation. His proposed research includes system dynamics modeling designed to simulate the comprehensive effect of policies in different sectors. Many experts have recommended applying systems science to obesity policy research, but the application of systems science has been largely theoretical. Dr. Taber received introductory training in system dynamics at the 2011 Institute on Systems Science and Health (ISSH) and is now proposing to pursue in-depth training in this field. His proposed training will include: 1) formal coursework in system dynamics, 2) one-on-one training in economic and environment policy initiatives, and 3) one-on-one training in economic methods of studying disparities and policy initiatives. To achieve these goals, he has assembled a mentoring team with expertise in public policy (Dr. Jamie Chriqui, UIC), economics (Dr. Frank Chaloupka, UIC), and system dynamics (Dr. Hazhir Rahmandad, Virginia Tech). Dr. Chriqui and Dr. Chaloupka have decades of experience studying economic and environmental policies related to substance abuse, and are currently conducting ground-breaking research to study whether such policies can prevent obesity. Dr. Rahmandad was Dr. Taber's instructor at ISSH, earned his PhD in system dynamics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and is currently conducting obesity research to study the dynamics of energy balance. Dr. Taber's mentors will guide him through his proposed research, in which he will study whether economic and environmental characteristics in the community modify the effects of school-based policies (Aims 1 and 2), analyze whether such characteristics contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in weight status and policy effectiveness (Aim 3), and apply system dynamics to analyze the impact that policy initiatives in different sectors have on diet, weight status, and racial/ethnic disparities in weight status among adolescents (Aim 4). This research will form the basis of an R01 application in which he will design more intensive system dynamics research to study the effects of obesity policies, and he will complete this application by the end of the R00 phase of this award.